Dyje

This article describes the church. For the river see Thaya .

Dyje
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	459 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 51 '  N , 16 ° 7'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 50 '58 "  N , 16 ° 7' 13"  E
Height:	214  m nm
Residents :	477 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	669 02
License plate :	B.
traffic
Railway connection:	Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou – Znojmo
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Jiří Staněk (as of 2009)
Address:	Dyje 128 669 02 Znojmo 2
Municipality number:	593991
Website :	www.obec-dyje.cz

Nepomuk Church

Dyje , until 1949 Milfron , (German Mühlfraun ) is a municipality in the Okres Znojmo in the Czech Republic . The place was laid out as a square village.

geography

The neighboring villages are in the southeast Tasovice ( Taßwitz ) and in the west Dobsice ( Klein Teßwitz ).

history

The place was first mentioned in a document in 1283. In this document, the Bruck monastery acquired the place including the hospital. Over the centuries, the spelling of the village changed several times. In 1283 "Mulwren", 1595 "Milfraiv", 1610 "Millfran", 1672 "Müllfran" and 1718 "Mihlfraun" were written. The place and the church are badly affected by the Thirty Years War . In 1784, the Bruck monastery was dissolved by Emperor Josef II and the lords of Mühlfraun and Hödnitz were united. The owners of Mühlfraun changed several times until the landlord was abolished in 1848. The registers were kept in the village since 1785, before that from 1580 at Znaim- Klosterbruck .

A fire devastated a large part of the village in 1807. During the Fifth Coalition War , the place was sacked by French troops in 1809, after the Battle of Znojmo. The first school in Mühlfraun was built a year later. Before that, the school had to change its location several times. During the German-Austrian War , Prussian troops occupied Mühlfraun. Some of the residents fled for fear of looting, but the soldiers behaved correctly and paid for everything. Due to the railway expansion, the place is connected to the railway network in 1870.

After the First World War and the Peace Treaty of Saint Germain in 1919, the place, whose inhabitants almost exclusively belonged to the German language group in 1910, became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . Settlers and newly filled civil servants have led to an increased influx of people with Czech identity. The Czech land reform in 1924 gave Czech settlers most of the goods. A volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1925. When the Czech minority school was built in 1927, a Longobard burial place with objects from the 6th century is discovered. The place was electrified in 1931. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau . In 1942 a landslide destroyed 10 houses in the village. In the same year a large wooden bridge is built over the Thaya, as there was only a small footbridge over the river near Mühlfraun until then.

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 36 victims among the Mühlfrauners, the community returned to Czechoslovakia. According to the Beneš decree 108 of October 25, 1945, the property of the German residents was confiscated and placed under state administration. Four days after the Potsdam declaration , the German residents of Mühlfraun were expelled to Austria on August 8, 1945 . Only 32 elderly people remained. These were expelled to Germany in March 1946. The local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of approx. 26%, in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Declaration . Two Mühlfrauners emigrated to Denmark. After the war, Mühlfraun became an administrative part of the city of Znojmo.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal of the village dates from 1610. It shows a legend and an unevenly quartered round seal. In the upper left quarter there is a cross, in the upper right quarter an eagle looking right, in the lower left quarter a church and in the lower right quarter an initial “W” under a grate.

Later seals from the 19th and 20th centuries were only pictorial seal stamps.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	464	417	47	0
1890	454	450	0	4th
1900	455	440	15th	0
1910	461	456	1	4th
1921	489	437	45	7th
1930	519	435	72	12

Attractions

• Parish church in honor of the Scourged Savior (1769/75) instead of the demolished Church of St. Laurentius, frescoes by Franz Anton Maulbertsch , the statue of the high altar , the scourged savior is made of wood, the Eggenburg stonemason and sculptor Johann Caspar Högl made the stone carvings. There are 4 side altars: Death of St. Josef by Josef Winterhalter, St. Johannes von Nepomuk, Antonius von Padua by Franz Anton Maulbertsch, St. Norbert from Felix Leicher. The wall frescoes of Maria Magdalena and St. Petrus are from Franz Anton Maulbertsch.
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
• Marterl to St. Trinity
• War memorial (1926)
• Castle / manor house (1768–75), summer residence of the Bruck priests and hospital

Sons and daughters of the place

Ernest Hollmann: (1884–1945) writer

regional customs

From 1807 the Mühlfrauners went on pilgrimage to Turas near Brno every May.

The Kirtag always took place on September 6th.

Say from the place

There was a multitude of myths among the German local residents:
There is a legend that the place name originated from a single standing mill and thus the name “Mühlfraun” was derived from the term “Müh'vors”. Another legend said that 3 women lived in the single mill and that over time a settlement developed around the mill. So the place name "Mühlfraun" became from the mill women.

literature

• Jiri Cerny: Poutni mista jihozapadni Moravy (pilgrimage sites in Southwest Moravia). Pelhrimov 2005.
• Carpenter: The church in Mühlfraun. 1888.
• Konrad Wondratsch: Local history of Mühlfraun. 1970.
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Mühlfraun, s. 21, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 .
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Mühlfraun, s. 149f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
• Herta player: Mühlfraun municipality. 1996.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 296 (Mühlfraun).

Web links

• Mühlfraun. on suedmaehren.at

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ↑ Předpis č. 3/1950 Sb. ( Memento of the original from December 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae , Vol. VI, p.23
4. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae , Vol. IV, p.210
5. ^ Hans Freising, Wilfried Fiedler: Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Moravia , 1980, p.66
6. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
7. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 296 (Mühlfraun).
8. ↑ Peřinka: Znojemsky okres , 1904, s.384
9. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. sv.9. 1984.
10. ^ Gregor Wolny: Margraviate Moravia, Znojmo District, Mühlfrauen. 1837. p. 397.
11. ↑ Cerroni: History of the fine arts in Moravia, mill women. 1807. Moravian Provincial Archives No. 612Ic.32.
12. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. 1990, p. 21.
13. ^ Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana, 2000, self-published, p. 92.