Hrádek u Znojma

Hrádek
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	2168 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 46 '  N , 16 ° 16'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 46 '19 "  N , 16 ° 16' 26"  E
Height:	200  m nm
Residents :	930 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 27
License plate :	B.
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Ondřej Kubic (as of 2008)
Address:	Hrádek 16 671 27 Hrádek u Znojma
Municipality number:	594148
Website :	www.obec-hradek.cz

Hrádek (German Erdberg ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 22 km southeast of Znojmo on the Austrian border and belongs to the Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district).

geography

Hradek lies on the left side of the Thaya in the Thaya-Schwarza Depression . The hilly landscape is characterized by the alternation of arable land , grassland , fruit growing and vineyards . Ten kilometers to the southeast, the Hevlín border crossing leads to the Austrian town of Laa an der Thaya . Neighboring towns are Božice (German Possitz ) in the north, Dyjákovice (German Groß Tajax ) in the east, Jaroslavice (German Joslowitz ) in the southwest and Křídlůvky (German Kleingrillowitz ) in the west.

history

Around the year 1000 a wooden fortification was built on a ridge on the banks of the Thaya . This was expanded to a castle until the Peace of Regensburg in 1041. The place developed around Nagradku Castle . The first documented mention of Erpuch ( Erdburg ) from 1045 has proven to be a forgery from the 12th century. The rotunda has also been occupied since 1046 . In 1131 the place came to the Johanniter-Kommende Mailberg in Lower Austria. There is evidence of a parish church since 1227. In 1244 the castle was destroyed during the battles of the Babenbergs. The layout of the place and the Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes like them, around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place.

Erpuch was first referred to as a market in 1342. From 1370 to 1437 the place was owned by the noble Bohemian von Neuhaus family . From 1548 Erdberg belonged to the Joslowitz rule . Around 1600 the Thaya relocated its course and the bridge was relocated to Höflein. During the Thirty Years' War the Swedes conquered Erdberg in 1657 and looted the place and church. Not until 1660 was there a Catholic priest in the village again. In 1747 the entire place burned down. The plague raged in 1679/80, cholera in 1832 and 1856. In 1865 a thunderstorm with hail destroyed vineyards and orchards.

In 1785 Erdberg received the privilege of holding a fair from Emperor Joseph II. Until the revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire and the associated peasant liberation , the place changed hands twelve times. During the German-Austrian War , 4,000 Prussians were quartered in the village. In the years 1872 and 1883, fires raged in the village and caused severe damage.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German South Moravians living there . In the interwar period , unemployment, measures such as land reform, the language ordinance and the concrete bunkers built by the Czech military in the municipality increased the German citizens' growing strivings for autonomy and led to tensions within the town. When the autonomy demanded by the German-speaking residents of the Czechoslovak Republic was not negotiated, the disagreements between the ethnic groups in the country intensified. As armed conflict loomed, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede to Germany the outlying areas inhabited by Sudeten Germans (assignment after the proclamation of the CSSR, 1919), which was regulated in the Munich Agreement . Thus Erdberg became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1, 1938 .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 198 victims among the Erdbergers, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Many Erdbergers fled because of the harassment and torture by militant Czechs and national militias across the nearby border to Austria. They were convinced that they would be able to return soon. Others were driven across the border . The victorious powers of World War II took on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, to the wild and collectively concrete running expulsion of the German population not position. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Between June 22 and September 18, 1946, the last 29 German-Moravian Erdbergers were forced to move to West Germany. The place was repopulated. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

The Erdbergers located in Austria were transferred to Germany in accordance with the “transfer” targets mentioned in the Potsdam communiqués, up to 403 people.

In memory of their hometown, the evicted and forcibly evacuated Erdbergers set up a memorial in Pernhofen , Lower Austria .

In 1960 the culture house built by the residents was inaugurated.

Parish registers (church registers) have been kept since 1660. Online search via the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

A seal was not presented until the 18th century. It shows a curved sign depicting a standing goose. Later seals differ only in a legend, which read "Sigill des Marckts Erdtberg".

A coat of arms was never awarded, but the seal image prevailed as a coat of arms. The silver goose had golden feet and a golden beak. To this day it is no longer clear why the goose was chosen as a symbol, it is probably intended to indicate a large geese breeding or to the once frequent wild geese in the community area.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	2039	2035	4th	0
1890	2044	2043	1	0
1900	2035	2034	1	0
1910	2168	2168	0	0
1921	2264	2204	15th	45
1930	2238	2212	12	14th

Attractions

• Plague Column (1680)
• Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul of the Order of Malta, built between 1761 and 1764 in place of the old church that burned down in 1747. The building, decorated with frescoes by Franz Anton Maulbertsch , was consecrated in 1767.
• Karner (rotunda, 2nd half of the 13th century)
• Various earth stables
• Romanesque rotunda Ortisei, it was built on the remains of the sovereign castle from the 1st half of the 11th century.
• Chapel of St. Francis
• Statues (St. Nepomuk, Christ's Farewell to Mary)
• Ulrichskapelle, remnant of an old castle, named 1052
• School (first mentioned in 1606)
• Emperor Franz Josef's memorial stone (1908), removed in 1920
• A memorial to the fallen by the church commemorates the victims of the First World War .

regional customs

Rich customs , wondrous fairy tales and myths shrouded in mystery enriched the lives of the German local residents who were expelled and emigrated in 1945/46:

• Until the German residents were expelled, Kirtag was always held on the third Sunday in October.
• Within a year there were three markets: Josefi (Tuesday before Joseph, March 19th), Jakobi (mid-August and on Tuesday after the Assumption of Mary, August 15th) and Martini.
• Every year there was a pilgrimage to Maria Dreieichen.

Personalities

• Franz Müllner (1899–1974), versatile artist: poet, composer, singer, painter, conductor. Dialect poet.
• Johann Koblenz (1909–1953), wood carver.

literature

• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia, Vol. 1–3, Vienna 1793.
• South Moravian Landscape Council: Guide to South Moravia . 3rd edition, Geislingen / Steige 1994, ISBN 3-927498-11-4 .
• Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Art (Ed.): Sudeten Germans and Czechs - history, facts, perspectives . Vienna.
• Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims (Ed.), Alfred Schickel (Author): The expulsion of the German population from Czechoslovakia: history, background, reviews . Documentation in 2 volumes, Bonn 1957, ISBN 3-89182-014-3 .
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia . Geislingen / Steige 1984.

swell

• F. Steinmetz: Local history Erdberg , 1896
• Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Erdberg, 1941, p. 194.
• Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Erdberg p. 22
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , Erdberg p. 6
• Lambert Karner : Artificial Caves from Ancient Times, Vienna 1903, reprint 2018, ISBN 978-3-96401-000-1 , Erdberg.
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , Erdberg p. 54
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 286 f . (Erdberg).
• Franz Wild: Erdberg 1962
• Franz Wild: From Erpurch to Erdberg, 1964, Klagenfurt .
• Franz Wild: Erdberg 1966
• Franz Wild: Erdberg - War Victims, Volume I: 1914–1918 , 1982
• Franz Wild: Erdberg - Kriegsopfer, Volume II: 1939–1945 , 1982
• Franz Wild: From Erpurch to Erdberg II , 1982
• Franz Wild: Erdberg's population directory , 1983

Web links

• Description in German (PDF; 134 kB)
• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
3. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unmanaged peace: St. Germain and the consequences, 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
4. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
5. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
6. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
7. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , Erdberg pp. 279, 286, 409, 411, 422, 425, 573, 575, 577.
8. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
9. ↑ Brunnhilde Scheuringer: 30 years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and displaced persons in Austria, publisher: Braumüller, 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9
10. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 31, 2011.
11. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae Bl. VII p. 279
12. ↑ Statistickỳ Lexicon obcí České Republiky 1992, Praha 1994
13. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: Znaim district from A to Z, 2009