Strachotice

Strachotice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	2047 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 48 '  N , 16 ° 10'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 47 '44 "  N , 16 ° 10' 28"  E
Height:	197  m nm
Residents :	1,043 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 29
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Znojmo - Jaroslavice
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	2
administration
Mayor :	Eva Vaculová (as of 2009)
Address:	Strachotice 79 671 29 Strachotice
Municipality number:	594822
Website :	www.strachotice.cz

Strachotice (German Rausenbruck ) is a municipality in South Moravia ( Czech Republic ). The place is on the right side of the Thaya about 5 km north of the Austrian border. The place itself is laid out as a triangular village.

geography

The neighboring towns are in the north Krhovice ( Gurwitz ), in the west Derflice ( Dörflitz ), in the southwest Vrbovec ( Urbau ), in the southeast Slup ( Zulb ) and in the east Valtrovice ( Waltrowitz )

history

Parish fair

The layout of the place and the Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken up to 1945 with their special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were after 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. They brought farm implements made of iron, implemented new agricultural cultivation methods and the high-yield three-field economy .

The first written mention of the place took place under "capella sancti Georgii in Strachotin" in the year 1190. Over the centuries the place name changed several times, so it was written in 1225 "Ruzenbrukh", 1310 "Rausenpruk" and already from 1342 "Rausenbruck". On August 19, 1342, the later Emperor Charles IV handed the place market rights and the right of high jurisdiction . Since the place was an important Thaya crossing, it was fortified in the 15th century. A castle near the village is also mentioned in 1440. From 1447 the place was allowed to hold two annual markets.

In 1517 there was a change of rulership and the community came to the Bruck monastery , as it was exchanged for Borotitz and Grillowitz. It remained with this until its dissolution in the 18th century by Emperor Josef II. The rulership in the place, which remains until the 20th century, was first mentioned in 1526. From 1578 a gallows may be set up in the village. Emperor Rudolf II presented the market with a coat of arms, which gave permission for another fair. The parish registers of the place are led since 1684th

During the Fifth Coalition War in 1809, around 10,000 French camped on the outskirts, who had to be fed. In 1831 cholera raged in the village and claimed 40 residents. Due to the risk of epidemics (cholera), a sick station was built in the village in 1832. Major fires in 1846 and 1849 destroyed a large part of the village. In order to improve the connections to Austria, a new Thaya bridge was built in 1862. In 1866 Frost destroyed almost the entire harvest of the village and also the cholera brought in by Prussian soldiers during the German-Austrian War claimed 9 deaths among the local residents. In 1869 a post office was opened in town. The next train station was 4.5 km away in Hödnitz. Arson caused another major fire in 1892. As a result of this event, a volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1899. The inhabitants of Rausenbruck lived mostly from cattle and agriculture. Due to the climate, lentils, peas, poppy seeds, lettuce, cucumbers, melons, cabbage and cabbage were also harvested in addition to various types of grain. Fruit growing was particularly profitable in Damitz, with plums (1709 trees), apricots (146 trees), apples (3200 trees), pears (982 trees), peaches (496 trees) and nuts (299 trees) being grown. Viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, also gained a foothold in the village and so Rausenbruck held a share of the "Schatz" wine region on the ridge, which reached from Kallendorf and Klein Tajax to Rausenbruck-Mitzmanns. The hunt was also profitable, with 600 hares, 600 partridges and 20 pheasants shot annually. In addition to a flourishing small business, there was also a milk collection point, a musical instrument maker and a savings and loan fund. In 1917 the place was electrified.

After the First World War , July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918, which claimed 51 victims among the Rausenbruckers, the multi-ethnic state of Austria-Hungary fell apart . On November 17, 1918, a Czech company occupied the place. The Treaty of Saint-Germain of September 2, 1919, declared the place, whose population in 1910 (census year) belonged to 99% of the German ethnic group, as part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . During the interwar period , 1918–1938, the high unemployment among the German population, measures such as the 1919 land reform , the 1926 language ordinance, resettlement and replacement of civil servants by people of Czech nationality, led to increased tensions within the ethnic groups and the Sudeten crisis . When the autonomy demanded by the Sudeten Germans was not negotiated and armed conflict threatened, the Western powers induced the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas to Germany. This was regulated in the Munich Agreement . Thus, on October 1st, 1938, Rausenbruck became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau . - In 1928 the place received a telephone and telegraph station. In 1930 the local department store had its first telephone connection. In May 1945, the town's three Thaya bridges were prepared for demolition in order to stop the advancing Russian troops. After the mayor was persuaded, two bridges were spared.

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 104 victims, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Three children are killed while cleaning up war relics. Before the onset of post-war excesses by national militias and revolutionary guards, shortly after the end of the war, some families fled across the nearby border to Austria in the hope of being able to return to their homeland after these riots. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Apart from one person, the last 16 German South Moravians were forcibly resettled to Germany between August 11, 1946 and September 18, 1946 . All private and public property of the German residents was confiscated by the Beneš Decree 108 , and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

In accordance with the original transfer modalities of the Potsdam communique, all ethnic Germans from Austria had to be transferred to Germany. Nevertheless, 55 families were able to stay in Austria, 2 Rausenbruckers emigrated to Great Britain, one each to the USA and France and two to Canada.

In 1961 the previously independent municipality Micmanice (Miezmanns) was incorporated.

Community structure

The municipality Strachotice consists of the districts Micmanice ( Mitzmanns ) and Strachotice ( Rausenbruck ).

Coat of arms and seal

In 1591 a local seal appeared for the first time in a document . It is assumed, however, that a seal was already in place beforehand. The seal within a wreath of tulips has the inscription "+ SIGILLVM.OPPIDI.RAWSENBU.ANNO DOMINI: 1591". In Seal Around a winning half eagle over a large initial appear W . In the 19th and 20th centuries, the eagle was mistaken for the Moravian national eagle and was shown slaughtered. From 1919 to 1938 this seal was bilingual.

In 1591 Rausenbruck also received a market coat of arms . It shows a silver and red divided shield, is growing up a crowned and golden-reinforced black eagle with red tongue, down the golden Initial W .

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	993	993	0	0
1890	1028	1021	2	5
1900	1013	997	1	15th
1910	993	985	1	7th
1921	982	953	19th	10
1930	1023	1001	15th	7th
1961	1076
1970	935
1980	924
1991	943
2001	957

From 1961 the values ​​also include the formerly independent municipality of Micmanice (Miezmanns). The fact that two municipalities, which previously had around 1,000 inhabitants each, now have this number of inhabitants together shows how strong the population decline was due to the events of 1945.

Attractions

• Parish Church of St. Georg (1767) (on the foundation wall of a chapel from 1190), renovated after the fire of 1776, high altar (1839), altarpieces of St. Cyrill and Methud by Josef Winterhalter, anteroom and tower elevation from 1910
• Statue of St. Florian (1349)
• Statue of the Sorrowful Mother of God 1751
• Rectory (1784)
• Trinity Column (1778)
• Heroes' monument, before that for Emperor Franz Joseph
• War memorial (1922)

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

• The Kirtag always took place on the 3rd Sunday in September.
• On All Saints' Day the graves were decorated with self-grown chrysanthemums ("Allersölnrosen"), at half past three all the bells ring three times in a row: a greeting to all deceased and an invitation to all villagers to participate in the devotion in the cemetery at the main cross.
• Traditionally, two pilgrimages were held annually . One on March 15th to Taßwitz and another on Whitsun to Maria Dreieichen (Whit Saturday to Whit Monday).
• The annual markets took place on the Monday after Palm Sunday and on Bartholomew (August 24th).

Say from the place

There were a multitude of myths among German local residents:

• The Thayana in the Rausenbrucker Tai

Sons and daughters of the place

• Franz Wild (1800–1888) maker of musical instruments
• Franz Himmer (1828–1899) opera singer
• Ernest Hauswirth (1818–1901) Abbot, member of the manor house

literature

• Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Rausenbruck p. 392
• Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, ISBN 3-927498-092
• Stefan Sauer: Local history of the market town of Rausenbruck (1975)
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Rausenbruck, s. 201f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
• Karl Reif: Rausenbruck dialect (2000)
• Johann Unger: List of places of the community Rausenbruck

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
3. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume IV, p. 282
4. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
5. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
6. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
7. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z. , 2009
8. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
9. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, p. 244, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
10. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46, diploma thesis on obtaining the master's degree in philosophy, 1995
11. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 292 (Rausenbruck).
12. ↑ Emilia Hrabovec: Expulsion and Deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
13. ↑ Grunlich: Rausenbruck-Heimatkunde 6, (1899), s. 58
14. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
15. ↑ Český statistický úřad (ČSÚ), http://www.czso.cz/
16. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Rausenbruck p. 80
17. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Rausenbruck p.32
18. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana, 2000, self-published, p. 178f