Onšov na Moravě
| Onšov | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 557.8788 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 54 ' N , 15 ° 50' E | ||||
| Height: | 441 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 73 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 671 02 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Vranov nad Dyjí - Šumná | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Ivan Oujezdský (as of 2016) | ||||
| Address: | Onšov 1 671 02 Šumná |
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| Municipality number: | 594580 | ||||
| Website : | www.obeconsov.cz | ||||
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Onšov (German Windschau ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 17 kilometers northwest of Znojmo and belongs to the Okres Znojmo .
geography
Onšov is located on the edge of the Podyjí National Park in the Vranovská pahorkatina ( Frainer hill country ). The village lies on a plateau on the left side above the Thaya valley , one kilometer west of Onšov is the dam of the Vranov dam . The Onšovský stream has its source in the village square. To the north of the village, the stream Štítarský potok forms the Swiss valley ( Švýcarské údolí ), which has become a bay of the reservoir since the dam was built. To the east of the village rises the Vranovská brána (492 m nm), in the south the Zadní Hamry ( Nestelberg , 461 m nm) and the Stierwiesberg / Býčí hora (536 m nm). State road II / 398 runs on the southern outskirts between Vranov nad Dyjí and Lesná .
Neighboring towns are Štítary in the north, Šumná in the northeast, Lesná in the east, Horní Břečkov and Čížov in the southeast, Zadní Hamry in the south, Vranov nad Dyjí and Zátiší in the southwest, Lančov in the west and Lančovský Dvůr, Chvalatice and Zálesí in the north-west.
history
The first documentary mention of the village Uneschow , which belongs to Frain Castle, took place on September 28, 1323, when King John of Luxembourg exchanged the lordly castle together with the city of Jevíčko with Heinrich von Leipa for the city of Tachov . In 1350 part of Onschow belonged to a son of Dobeš von Lukov. Between 1358 and 1371 Oldřich von Onšov, Maršík von Onšov, Petr von Onšov and Miklas von Prachlice were named as owners of a farm.
In 1516 Arkle von Boskowitz acquired the desert village and rejoined it under the rule of Frain. Subsequent owners of the manor were from 1523 Johann von Pernstein and from 1525 Zdeněk Mezeřícký von Lomnitz. In 1535 Onšov was still listed as a desolate village, in 1550 the place was repopulated with German settlers. Further landlords were from 1552 Wolf Kraiger von Kraigk , from 1558 Peter Čertoregský von Čertoreg ( Petr Čertorejský z Čertorej ), from 1570 the lords of Dietrichstein and from 1601 Hans Wolfarth Strein von Schwarzenau. In 1618 Wolf Dietrich von Althann acquired the rule, his possessions were confiscated because of his participation in the class uprising after the battle of the White Mountain . After the Thirty Years War, the Czechs settled in Onšov again. From 1629 the lordship belonged to Johann Ernst von Scherfenberg ( Jan Arnošt ze Šerfenberka ) and from 1665 to Count Starhemberg . Wintschau was used as the place name from 1671 . In 1680 Imperial Count Michael Johann von Althann acquired the Frain rule. Josef von Althann, who had owned the estate since 1774, got so deeply into debt with the renovation of Frain Castle that he went bankrupt in 1793. From this, Joseph Hilgartner Ritter von Lilienborn acquired the rule, he sold it in 1799 to Stanislaw Count Mniszek. From 1802 the place name Windschau was used.
In 1834 the village of Windschau or Hanašow , formerly also called Aunessow or Onissow , consisted of 24 houses with 144 predominantly German-speaking residents. There was a chapel in the village. The parish was in Frain. Until the middle of the 19th century, Windschau remained subject to the allodial rule of Frain and Neuhäusel Castle. The place of office was also the Markt Frain.
After the abolition of patrimonial Windschau / Únašov formed a municipality in the judicial district of Frain from 1849. In 1850 there were 138 people living in Windschau , including a large Czech minority. At that time, a brick factory and a board saw were in operation. In 1868 the village became part of the Znojmo region. In 1880 there were 145 Germans and two Czechs living in the municipality, ten years later there were 138 Germans and 27 Czechs. Unašov and Unešov were used as Czech place names at the time . In 1910, 129 Germans and one Czech lived in the 27 houses in Windschau.
After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated , and in 1918 Windschau became part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic . The Czech place name was changed to Onšov in 1924 . In the years 1924 to 1926 a connecting road to Šumná up to the district road was built. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1925. In the 1930 census, Windschau consisted of 29 houses and had 234 inhabitants, including 136 Germans and 96 Czechs. In the same year the construction of the Frain dam began ; With its completion, from 1934 both the Thayatal west of Windschau including the Pointnermühle and the laterally flowing Schweizertal with the Hegerhaus were flooded. In the mid-1930s, light bunker lines of the Czechoslovak Wall were built along the reservoir . After the Munich Agreement , the village was occupied by German troops in 1938 and assigned to the German district of Znojmo . In 1939 Windschau was incorporated into Frain. After the end of the Second World War Onšov came back to Czechoslovakia and again formed a community in Okres Znojmo . On June 20, 1945, the German residents from Onšov were expelled to Austria . In 1961 the community had 110 inhabitants.
In 1991 the Podyjí National Park was established; this was accompanied by the abolition of the natural monument Hamerské vrásy , a geological formation south of Onšov, which became part of the 1st zone of the national park.
Community structure
No districts have been identified for the municipality of Onšov. Basic settlement units are Onšov and Onšov-chatová oblast.
Attractions
- Chapel of St. Anna in the village square, built in 1754
- Vranov dam
- Clary cross on a rock spur above the Thayatal, the cast iron cross made in the ironworks Blansko in 1831 was erected by Count Stanislaw Mniszek in memory of his friend Carl Joseph von Clary and Aldringen (1777-1831), who was on his last visit to Frain infected with cholera.
- Onšovský potok waterfall
- Pedestrian bridge over the bay in the Schweizertal, constructed by Jiří Stráský
- Niche chapel from the end of the 18th century
- Jagdaltan pleasure house, built in the middle of the 18th century, in the forest southeast of the village
Sons and daughters of the place
- Irmtraut Karlsson (* 1944), Austrian psychologist, writer and politician.
Web links
- History of Onšov
- Location description on suedmaehren.at
- Location description on europas-mitte.de
- Video of a car ride through Onšov na Moravě / Windschau (2017)
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/594580/Onsov
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia topographically, statistically and historically described , III. Volume: Znaimer Kreis (1837), p. 206
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/594580/Obec-Onsov