Mikulovice u Znojma
| Mikulovice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 1378.8987 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 57 ' N , 16 ° 6' E | ||||
| Height: | 322 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 649 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 671 33 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Jevišovice - Miroslav | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | Městys | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Karel Kříž (as of 2016) | ||||
| Address: | Mikulovice 1 671 33 Mikulovice u Znojma |
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| Municipality number: | 594431 | ||||
| Website : | www.mikulovice.eu | ||||
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Mikulovice (German Niklowitz ) is a minority in the Czech Republic . It is located 14 kilometers north of Znojmo and belongs to the Okres Znojmo .
geography
Mikulovice is located on the southeastern slope of the Jevišovická pahorkatina ( Jaispitzer hill country ) in the valley of the brook Mikulovický potok. To the northeast rises the Hradisko (339 m nm), to the east the Jezero (365 m nm) and west of the Zadní kopec (341 m nm). The Jevišovka Nature Park extends to the west. The Horní Dunajovice reservoir is located three kilometers northeast of the village, and the Jezero pond to the east. State road II / 398 runs through Mikulovice between Vémyslice and Jevišovice .
Neighboring towns are Stupešice, Běhařovice , Křepice and Medlice in the north, Mlýnek, Višňové and Trstěnice in the Northeast, Chaloupky, Morašice , Horní Dunajovice and Koráb the east, Želetice , Žerotice , Kyjovice and Výrovice in the southeast, Seč and Němčičky in the south, Culpovec, Bábovec , Hluboké Mašůvky and Papírna in the southwest, Rudlice , Venclův Mlýn and Vevčice in the west and Černín , Slatina and Ratišovice in the northwest.
history
Archaeological finds prove an early settlement of the area. The ancient Křepice fortress, which stood on the nearby Hradisko, is one of the oldest in South Moravia, along with the Pustý zámek and Kadov complexes. Tools from the Neolithic and Copper Age were also discovered by chance at the Mikulovice cadastre . In addition, the remains of settlements of the Moravian painted ceramic culture , the Aunjetitz culture and possibly also from the Roman era were found. Further finds can be assigned to the tumulus culture and the urn field culture. There is a Slavic burial place near the 13th century church.
The first written mention of the place took place in 1314 as the seat of Walter von Niklowitz, who came from the Vladiken family of Plaveč. He was followed by Hynek von Niklowitz around 1338. Since around 1340, a share has belonged to the Olomouc canon and Niklowitz pastor Niklas, who in 1350 owned the parish with the courtyard, fields, meadows and parish gardens including the large and small tithe from Weirowitz used to maintain the church and the tithe of a courtyard in Dannowitz of the Benedictine abbey Pustoměř donated. At the same time Niklas sold two more fields of forests to the children of the late Tobias von Lukow and a year later two and a half Lahne with four farmsteads to Blud von Kralice. Zbonek von Plač, Hartlieb von Lechwitz and Bernhard and Wilhelm von Wičkow owned further shares at this time. In 1360, pastor Niklas, who had acquired the ratings of Plač and Hrádek after his other possessions , sold seven Lahne with five larger and four smaller farms to Ingram von Jakobau. In 1378 Ješek von Kralitz ceded his share in Niklowitz to the Dalešice nunnery . This also acquired the share of Niklas von Hrádek around 1386 and held the property until the Hussite Wars . When Margrave Jobst of Moravia in 1406 left the failed Dannowitz estate to Niklas Hunt von Florstadt, it also included two fields and interest payments in Niklowitz. After Hunt's death, this part of Niklowitz was separated from Gut Dannowitz and passed to his son Johann Ruland, who from 1415 also used the Niklowitz title . At the same time, Boček of Hrádeks daughter Sigmunda von Elßka sold her share of Niklowitz to her sister Agnes von Říčan. Johann Ruland von Niklowitz's share was inherited by his brother Niklas Hunt von Dannowitz, who in 1437 bought the parish patronage in Niklowitz from Zbyněk von Daubrawitz-Osowa . In 1447 Niklas Hunt had the Niklowitz estate with the court and parish as well as the forests near Niklowitz and Dannowitz in the country table signed over to Johann von Benessowitz, whereas Georg von Říčan, who claimed half of the parish patronage, protested unsuccessfully. A little later, the brothers Benedikt and Ludwig von Weitmühl acquired the Niklowitz estate, and in 1466 they exchanged it for the village of Božice at the Seelau Abbey, which was administered from Iglau . In 1502 the Papal Legate for Hungary and Bohemia, Cardinal Paul, authorized the Premonstratensians to receive parish income and to appoint their religious to pastors in Niklowitz. On December 14, 1558, Niklowitz was raised to a town by King Ferdinand I at the request of the Seelau abbot Martin and granted privileges to seal with green wax and to hold two annual markets and one weekly market.
In 1565 Heinrich von Kralitz exempted the Daleschitzer share from seizure liability against ten geese and 13 chickens ; later this share went to the Platsch estate . In 1590, the Seelau monastery was re-established by the Strahof abbot Jan Lohelius , but it had neither goods nor monastery buildings. It was not until 1622 that the Premonstratensians of Strahof Monastery were able to buy back the seized Seelau goods from Marie Trčka von Lípa for the order. When the Seelau Abbey became independent again in 1643, the Niklowitz and Teutsch-Konitz estates remained with Strahof Abbey. In 1680, Niklowitz was also given neck jurisdiction, as it was exercised in neighboring Ober-Dannowitz , confirmed.
In 1683 the monastery of the regulated Canons of the Premonstratensian Order of Strahof combined the Niklowitz and Teutsch-Konitz estates with the newly acquired Ober-Dannowitz estate. In 1753 the town burned down, including the church and parish. Further major fires broke out in 1784, 1795 and 1805; in the latter case, 20 houses and the tavern and the entire Splash share including the tavern and school burned down in the Seelau part. In 1788, a downpour led to a devastating flood. During the Napoleonic Wars in 1805 and 1809, French troops left 27,000 guilders in damage. In the first half of the 19th century there were seven craft guilds in Niklowitz; those of blacksmiths, wheelwright and locksmiths as well as tailors have been documented since 1757, those of butchers, bakers and millers, potters, shoemakers and bricklayers, joiners, cooperatives, carpenters and glaziers since 1827, and there was also a weavers' guild.
In 1834 the three estates comprised a usable area of 3986 yoke 310 square fathoms, of which 752 yoke 1271 square fathoms Dominikalland and 1400 yoke 836 square fathoms rustikalland to Gut Niklowitz. 1788 people lived in the area of the three monastery estates, with the estates Niklowitz and Ober-Dannowitz speaking Moravian, while Teutsch-Konitz was speaking German. The population lived mainly from agriculture, especially viticulture and fruit growing. The authorities managed three Meierhöfe in Niklowitz, Ober-Dannowitz and Chalaupek. The market Niklowitz or Mikulowice consisted of 147 houses with 796 inhabitants, of which 13 houses with 79 inhabitants belonged to the Platsch estate. Three annual markets and one weekly market were held in Niklowitz. The parish church of St. Peter and Paul and the school , which belonged to the Hosterlitz dean's office and were staffed with priests from the Strahof Abbey , were under official patronage . There was also an official residence in Niklowitz that served as a parsonage, a licensed parish hall, two inns, an official brewery, a liquor house and the Meierhof, which also housed the official residence. Niklowitz was also the seat of the official forest district. Niklowitz was the pastor for Niemtschitz , Rudlitz , Weirowitz and Wewtschitz . Until the middle of the 19th century, Niklowitz remained the official village of the Niklowitz, Ober-Dannowitz and Teutsch-Konitz monasteries.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Mikolovice / Niklowitz 1849 a market town in the judicial district of Znojmo. In 1868 the municipality became part of the Znojmo District. Mikulovice has been used as a Czech place name since the end of the 19th century . After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated and in 1918 the community became part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic . After the Munich Agreement, Mikulovice remained with Czechoslovakia in 1938 and was incorporated into the Okres Moravské Budějovice. After the end of the war, the minority was again part of the Okres Znojmo . On June 27, 2008, Mikulovice's status as Městys was renewed.
Community structure
No districts are shown for Městys Mikulovice. The Chaloupky and Koráb layers belong to Mikulovice.
Attractions
- Church of St. Peter and Paul, built in the middle of the 13th century. The building has elements of the Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque styles. The church has three altars. The three bells from the 16th century were later cast over. The main altarpiece was created in 1784 by the Znojmo painter Adalbert Rada.
- The rectory was built in the first half of the 18th century as a baroque summer residence for the Strahov abbots
- Baroque warehouse, built in the 18th century
- Statue of John of Nepomuk on the ring, created 1738
- Memorial plaques for Emanuel Krescenc Liška and Růžena Svobodová at the municipal office
- Mikulovické jezero natural monument; In 2007 a seven meter high wooden arbor was built on the edge of the lake. From the viewing platform at a height of three meters there is the possibility of observing the water birds on the lake.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Emanuel Krescenc Liška (1852–1903), painter and illustrator
- Růžena Svobodová (1868–1920), writer
- František Vácslav Peřinka (1878–1949), archivist and historian, born in Koráb
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/594431/Mikulovice
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia topographically, statistically and historically described , III. Volume: Znaimer Kreis (1837), pp. 452–457