Podmolí
| Podmolí | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 1380.6974 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 51 ' N , 15 ° 56' E | ||||
| Height: | 402 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 168 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 669 02 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Znojmo - Lukov | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Josef Frélich (as of 2016) | ||||
| Address: | Podmolí 70 669 02 Znojmo |
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| Municipality number: | 594644 | ||||
| Website : | www.podmoli.cz | ||||
Podmolí (German Baumöhl ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers west of Znojmo and belongs to the Okres Znojmo .
geography
Podmolí is located on the edge of the Podyjí National Park in Citonická plošina ( Edmitzer plain ). To the south rise the Lipina (438 m nm) and the Horka (431 m nm), in the southwest of the Čerchov (438 m nm) and northwest of the Kozí vrch (430 m nm). The Žlebský potok ( Schlebbach ) rises to the west of the village . The meandering Kerbtal of the Thaya , which forms the border with Austria on this section, runs two kilometers south of the village .
Neighboring towns are Vracovice , Milíčovice and Bezkov in the north, Kasárna and Mašovice in the northeast, Starý Šaldorf and Sedlešovice in the east, Konice , Popice , Havraníky and Hnanice in the southeast, Mitterretzbach , Retz and Hofern in the south, Niederfladnitz and Merkersdorf in the southwest, Hardegg in the west as well as Nová Ves , Lukov and Horní Břečkov in the north-west.
history
Archaeological finds show that the area has been inhabited since the Neolithic Age . There was a Bronze Age fortification on the Šobes .
In 1191, the village of the Moravian prince Vladimír, a son of Duke Otto III. , given to the Bruck Monastery . The first written mention of Pomol took place in 1226. In 1252 the village was called Poymil . On June 2, 1358, Margrave Johann Heinrich von Luxemburg exchanged the village of Bantice with the monastery abbot Johann for the villages of Lukov, Pomol and Stazměřice including the forests on the Thaya and the Šobes vineyard in order to build the Neuhäusel hunting castle over the river . Under King Sigismund , the Bruck monastery received the village of Pomol back in 1433 ; In the same year, Margrave Albrecht II issued the monastery a certificate of protection for the village after the Znojmo courts tried to take it for themselves. When Protestantism spread from Znojmo in the 15th and 16th centuries , Podmolí remained Catholic. In 1525 the village was called Baumöel and in 1532 Pomyl , from 1628 Bommol was used as a place name. During the Thirty Years War the area was ravaged by Swedish troops under General Torstenson , who captured and destroyed Neuhäusel Castle in 1645. The hoof register ( Lánský rejstřík ) shows that between 1667 and 1679 only 19 properties were still inhabited by Paumöhl . In the following time, the influx of German settlers took place. At the beginning of the 18th century the village consisted of 40 houses. In 1753 the chapel was built on the village square. After the Bruck monastery was closed in 1784 as part of the Josephine reforms , its property fell to the Moravian religious fund. He sold the monastery property in 1798 to Count Alois Ugarte , who, however, sold them back to the religious fund in the same year for the purchase price of 45,000 guilders. After that, the former monastery estates were administered together with the Luggau estate by the owner of the Frain estate , Count Stanislaw Mniszek. On January 2nd, 1827, the kk Moravian-Silesian State Goods Disposal Commission sold the allodial rule Kloster Bruck including the Sta. Klara and Alt-Schallersdorf for 223,000 guilders to the Viennese bankers brothers Karl Emanuel and Leopold Franz Edle von Liebenberg de Zsittin. In the same year, a major fire destroyed the last four houses on the way to the forester's house.
In 1834 the village Baumöhl or Podmole consisted of 40 houses with 246 predominantly German-speaking inhabitants. The main sources of income were agriculture, viticulture and the sale of wood to Austria. The Schobes Mountains were considered to be the best vineyards in the country. The parish and school location was Luggau . Until the middle of the 19th century Baumöhl remained subject to the allodial rule of Kloster Bruck. The place of office was Bruck.
After the abolition of patrimonial Baumöhl / Podmole formed a municipality in the judicial district of Znojmo from 1849. In 1868 the village became part of the Znojmo region. There were 20 larger farmers in the village. In 1871 the owner of Karlslust Palace , Franz Joseph von Auersperg , bought the Baumöhl estate for 195,000 guilders. In the same year the municipality made the first request to set up its own school, but it was unsuccessful. Two years later, the request was enforced and the school was built. In 1879 the Count of Auersperg on the Thaya had a zoo built in which he a. a. mouflons also settled. On the Liščí skála he had the wooden observation tower Franz-Josefshöhe built with a view over the Thayatal to Karlslust in the same year . In 1880 there were 220 Germans and 43 Czechs in the community, ten years later there were 260 Germans and 35 Czechs. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1889. In 1893 the community decided to create its own cemetery. In 1910, 260 people lived in Baumöhl's 62 houses, 230 of them Germans and 30 Czechs.
After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated , and in 1918 Baumöhl became part of the newly formed Republic of German Austria . On January 6, 1919, Czechoslovak troops occupied the place and added it to the Czechoslovak Republic . After that, Czech forest workers were settled in the place. A Czech elementary school was established and a kindergarten opened in the building of the German elementary school. In addition, there was a gendarmerie station and a border guard in the village at that time. The Czech Voluntary Fire Brigade was founded in the 1920s. Podmolí was established as the Czech place name in 1924 . Due to the dilapidation of the old school house, a new school was built in 1925. In 1928 Baumöhl received a bus service to Znojmo. In the 1930 census, Baumöhl consisted of 73 houses and had 335 inhabitants, including 207 Czechs and 122 Germans. In 1931 the village was electrified. In the mid-1930s, tensions between the two population groups grew. In 1936, the German schools in Baumöhl and Milleschowitz were closed for four weeks. During this time, Baumöhl and along the border created three light bunker lines of the Czechoslovak Wall . After the Munich Agreement , the village was occupied by German troops in 1938 and assigned to the German district of Znojmo . In 1939 Baumöhl was incorporated into Luggau. After the end of the Second World War, Podmolí was occupied by Czech partisans on May 9, 1945, and seven people were shot. Podmolí came back to Czechoslovakia and again formed a community in Okres Znojmo . On May 20, 1945, the German residents were expelled across the border into Austria . The border to Austria was closed in 1945. After 1948, the “ Iron Curtain ” was built well before the border . The castle ruins Nový Hrádek and the Novohrádecký Mlýn ( Neuhäuselmühle ) in the Thayatal were in the restricted area . In 1961, 257 people lived in the 61 houses in Pomolí. In 1977 the school in Podmolí was closed and the children were retrained to Mašovice.
After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the Iron Curtain began to open. The former restricted area was declared the Podyjí National Park in 1991 . Almost every house in Podmolí has a part of the Šobes vineyard. The 1995 sale of the vineyard to the Znovín Znojmo winery was later contested and was the subject of a protracted legal dispute that ultimately ended unsuccessfully before the Supreme Court.
Population development
| census | Total population | Ethnicity of the inhabitants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | German | Czechs | Other | |
| 1880 | 263 | 220 | 43 | 0 |
| 1890 | 295 | 260 | 35 | 0 |
| 1900 | 264 | 241 | 23 | 0 |
| 1910 | 260 | 230 | 30th | 0 |
| 1930 | 335 | 122 | 207 | 0 |
Attractions
- Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows, on the village square, built in 1753. It was repaired in the 1850s.
- graveyard
- Folk style homesteads
- Bunker of the Czechoslovak Wall
- Castle ruins Nový Hrádek ( Neuhäusel ), southwest of the place above the Thayatal
- Šobes ( Schobes ), the mountain spur located almost five kilometers south-east of the village and surrounded on three sides by the Thaya, forms the southern end of the Dlouhý les ( Langer Schobes ) ridge . During the Bronze Age there was a fortification on the spur. The dominant southern slope has been used as a vineyard for centuries and is one of the best vineyards around Znojmo.
- Deeply incised Thaya valley with river bends on the Šobes, the rocky cliffs Vraní skála and Zlámaná skála as well as five weirs of the former mills below the Šobes.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/594644/Podmoli
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia topographically, statistically and historically described , III. Volume: Znaimer Kreis (1837), p. 123