Hrabětice

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Hrabětice
Coat of arms of Hrabětice
Hrabětice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 1605 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 48 '  N , 16 ° 25'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 47 '36 "  N , 16 ° 24' 42"  E
Height: 195  m nm
Residents : 889 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 68
traffic
Street: Branišovice - Laa on the Thaya
Railway connection: Znojmo - Břeclav
Brno - Hevlín
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Jaroslav Fodor (as of 2008)
Address: Kostelní 230
671 68 Hrabětice
Municipality number: 594130
Website : www.hrabetice.eu
Hrabětice in 2006

Hrabětice (German Grafendorf ) is a municipality in Jihomoravský kraj ( South Moravia ), Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district ) in the Czech Republic . It is located 26 km east of Znojmo ( Znaim ) near the Austrian border.

geography

The street village is located between the Jevišovka and the Thaya in the South Moravian Thaya-Schwarza Depression . Westward Hrabětice forms Šanov ( Schönau a contiguous building area).

Neighboring towns are Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Grusbach ) in the north, Jevišovka in the northeast, Travní Dvůr in the east, Mitterhof in the southeast, Hevlín ( Höflein an der Thaya ) in the south, Dvůr Anšov in the southwest, Šanov ( Schönau ) in the west and Šanov - U n in the north-west.

North of the community, the railway between runs Znojmo ( Znaim ) and Břeclav ( Lundenburg ), west those of Brno ( Brno ) by Hevlín ( Höflein Thaya ).

history

The “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken in Grafendorf with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they did after 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The place was first mentioned in 1414 in the Hardeggischen Urbar and in 1464 it was documented as part of the Grusbach rule . In 1623 the place came to Count Seyfried Christoph von Breuner in Staatz and Asparn an der Zaya , from whose descendants it was acquired in 1668 by Michael Adolf von Althann . In 1698 he had a chapel in honor of St. Anthony of Padua, which was enlarged in 1784 with funds from the Religionsfonds and designated as the parish church of Grafendorf and the neighboring town of Schönau. The last owners were the Counts Khuen .

In the Hussite Wars and in the Thirty Years' War, as well as in 1805 and 1809 by the French in the Napoleonic Wars , the population suffered a lot. The earth stables that were found probably also date from these war times . In 1838 and 1865 the area was devastated by hail and in 1839 the Thaya flooded the meadows and covered many properties with sand. Cholera also raged twice in the village during the 19th century. First in 1855 when it claimed 134 victims and later in 1866 during the German-Austrian War . Grafendorf has been an independent municipality since 1850.

The inhabitants lived mainly from agriculture. In addition to various types of grain, cucumbers, onions, garlic, cherries, sour cherries, plums, apricots, peaches, nuts, apples and pears were grown. Viticulture, which has otherwise been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, only played a subordinate role in Grafendorf. After almost all the vines died due to the phylloxera plague around 1864, viticulture did not start again until 1925. However, the quantities generated did not exceed the company's own requirements. In addition, there were numerous craftsmen and part-time farmers who found their income on the railroad, in the sugar factory, at the brick kiln and on the farms. The hunt was just as productive with 1,000 hares, 300 partridges, 200 pheasants and 100 wild ducks annually. Registries have been kept since 1676. Online search via the Brno State Archives. According to the 1910 census, 99.81% of local residents had German as their mother tongue. In the First World War Grafenau mourned 45 deaths. After the First World War, the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The Treaty of Saint-Germain declared the place part of the new Czechoslovak Republic .

In the interwar period , new settlers and newly appointed civil servants increased the influx of people of Czech nationality. Their share rose between the 1910 and 1930 censuses from 0.13% to 8.6%. The last German postmaster was dismissed in 1922. The place was electrified in 1930. In order to avert the danger of floods, the Thaya began to be regulated in 1931. During the Sudeten crisis , Grafendorf was occupied by a Czech machine gun company and a howitzer battery. In order to defuse the emerging tensions within the country and since armed conflict loomed, the Western powers induced the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas to Germany. This was regulated in the Munich Agreement . The conference looked like this: With the mediation of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, whom Hermann Göring had brought in, the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and the French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier gave the dictator Adolf Hitler their consent to the integration of the Sudetenland with the agreement. The Czechoslovak government, whose national territory was concerned, was excluded from the talks. Thus Grafendorf became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau from October 1, 1938 to 1945 at the beginning of the National Socialist war of expansion. From 1939 to 1945 Grafendorf was merged with the neighboring community of Schönau to form the new community "Schöngrafenau".

After the end of the Second World War , in which the town had 58 dead and 24 missing, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. In the following weeks the houses of the German-Moravian population were taken over by Czech "property managers". The anti-German measures taken by national militias resulted in two civilian deaths. The Beneš decree 115/1946 declared actions committed up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retaliation for deeds of the occupiers or their accomplices ... as not unlawful. To avoid the harassment and torture, many of the German citizens fled across the nearby border to Austria. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not specifically comment on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII on August 2, 1945 , despite the intervention of the Western powers . However, they explicitly called for an orderly and humane transfer of the parts of the German population who remained in Czechoslovakia . Between June 22 and September 18, 1946, 165 Grafendorfer citizens were forcibly resettled to West Germany . 30 of the Czech citizens who moved here after 1919 remained in the village. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

Of the displaced persons, 40 families were resident in Austria, 340 families in Germany and two each in European countries and Canada.

With a marble plaque installed in the church and the renovated main cross at the cemetery, the former residents commemorate their ancestors and fallen soldiers.

Coat of arms and seal

The seal from 1598 shows a Renaissance shield. A plow knife crosses a slightly inclined knife, and 5 acorns grow from the edge of the shield.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 974 947 27 0
1890 1163 1126 37 0
1900 1315 1294 13 8th
1910 1555 1552 2 1
1921 1564 1471 55 38
1930 1605 1430 138 37

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Hrabětice. The settlement of Travní Dvůr ( Trabingerhof ) belongs to Hrabětice .

Attractions

  • The Bründl Chapel (1831), the Calvary with a grotto and a statue of the "Thorn-Crowned Savior" on Grusbacher Strasse.
  • Parish Church of St. Anton of Padua (1864), in front of it a chapel (1698), remodeling (1760) with 6 statues of saints

Personalities

  • Franz Gepperth (1912–1963), German politician and social welfare officer
  • Hans Landsgesell (born May 18, 1929), local and dialect researcher. Culture Prize Winner.
  • Josef Scholler (* 1928), winner of the culture award.

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • The Kirtag was always on August 24th and the Antonifest on the 1st Sunday after June 13th. There was a big celebration with dance, concerts, booth magic, swings and ring games.
  • The two community wells had to be cleaned every two years. The work at the Schmiedbrunnen was done by the boys from the upper inn, and at the Holderbrunnen by those from the lower inn, on Whit Saturday. In each well there was a heavy ball that had to be brought to the mayor as proof of a job well done, who let it fall back into it. Then the fraternity moved through the village and received their "wages", which were then auctioned off in the inn.

swell

  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 274, 411, 421, 423, 427, 573, 577 (Grafendorf).

literature

  • Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia, Bd 1 - 3, Vienna 1793.
  • Karl Hörmann: The Lords of Grusbach and Frischau under the Lords of Breuner 1622-1668.
  • Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. 1941.
  • Johann Scholler: home book of the community Grafendorf. 1950
  • Josef Scholler: Parish chronicle of Grafendorf. 1981
  • Ludwig Obleser: Memories of Grafendorf. 1982
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , Grafendorf p. 11

Web links

Commons : Hrabětice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia ISBN 3-927498-092
  3. ^ Franz Joseph Beranek: The dialects of South Moravia, 1936.
  4. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 259
  5. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 25, 2011.
  6. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  7. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  8. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  9. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ, 2009, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, Book of the Dead p. 378.
  10. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia . Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , Grafendorf pp. 274, 411, 421, 423, 427, 573, 577.
  11. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  12. ↑ Milan Churaň: Potsdam and Czechoslovakia. 2007, ISBN 978-3-9810491-7-6 .
  13. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: Die, coat of arms and seal of the South Moravian communities, 1992, Grafendorf page 69.
  14. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  15. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Grafendorf, later Schöngrafenau p. 26
  16. ↑ Walfried Balschka, Gerald Frodl: District Znojmo A to Z, 2009