Nový Šaldorf-Sedlešovice

Nový Šaldorf-Sedlešovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	844 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 50 '  N , 16 ° 4'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 49 '42 "  N , 16 ° 3' 42"  E
Height:	213  m nm
Residents :	1,558 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 81
License plate :	B.
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	2
administration
Mayor :	Dalibor Dočekal (as of 2015)
Address:	Nový Šaldorf 169 671 81 Nový Šaldorf
Municipality number:	587729
Website :	www.saldorf-sedlesovice.cz

Nový Šaldorf-Sedlešovice (German Neuschallersdorf-Edelspitz ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia region) in the Czech Republic . The place is located south of Znojmo on the river Thaya (Dyje).

geography

Neighboring towns are Znojmo ( Znaim ) in the north, Konice ( Deutsch Konitz ) in the west and Načeratice ( Naschetitz ) in the east. The place itself was laid out as a broad street village.

history

In prehistoric times, the so-called "Rittsteig" (ahd. Ritto = fever), also "Bräunersteig" (sore throat = diphtheria) or "Fiebersteig" cut through the local area. This led past the site because of the risk of infection. The layout of the place as well as the Bavarian-Austrian Ui dialect with its special Bavarian passwords , which were spoken until 1945, indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. They colonized the land, brought farm implements made of iron and used new agricultural cultivation methods such as the high-yield three-field farming .

Neuschallersdorf was a district of Altschallersdorf and was founded around 1580 by the Znojmo rule. The name "New Schallersdorf" was first used in 1672 and from 1720 the name "Neueigen" or "Neu-Aigen" has been documented several times. In the years 1679/80 the plague raged in the village. In 1799 a flood destroyed almost the entire place and so it was rebuilt at the Reichsstraße. During the French Wars, the French occupied the place twice (1805 and 1809). A fire in 1834 reduced almost the entire village to rubble and ashes. Retzer Strasse was built in 1930/33. At first they wanted to expand the early Rittsteig, but the decision was made to build the road via Gnaldersdorf, Kaidling and Neu-Schallersdorf.

In 1848 Altschallersdorf and Neuschallersdorf became the municipality "Alt- und Neuschallersdorf". This amalgamation was created artificially and was not wanted by either of the two communities. As a result, there were many quarrels, lawsuits and political discussions over the next few years. Since both places were almost the same size, no place wanted to subordinate itself to the other. In the next few years several requests were made to the district administration in Znojmo, demanding the separation of the community. In 1874 Neuschallersdorf became an independent municipality. The separation of the two localities had been so delayed by the authorities that the entire process took 10 years. The story of the separation is described by Josef Rotter in the "Memorial Book of the Neuschallersdorf Community".

Until 1945 the local population lived mostly from agriculture. There were 64 farms and some handicraft businesses in the village.

After the First World War , which claimed 13 victims among the Neuschallersdorfer, the multi-ethnic state of Austria-Hungary fell apart . One of the successor states was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. Neuschallersdorf, whose inhabitants were 100% German Moravians in 1910, also fell to the new state. Measures followed, such as the land reform and the language regulation, which resulted in an increase in the influx of people of Czech nationality due to settlers and newly filled civil servants. The growing efforts of the Germans to achieve autonomy led to tensions within the country and further to the Munich Agreement , which regulated the cession of the Sudeten German territories to Germany. Between 1938 and 1945 the place Neuschallersdorf belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau . The place was electrified in 1931 and the new village road was built in 1935.

After the end of the Second World War on May 8, 1945, which claimed 33 victims, the community came back to Czechoslovakia. One civilian death occurred in anti-German measures by national militias. The Beneš decree 115/1946 protected against a legal review of the events. Up to twelve people all fled before the onset of post-war excesses or were crossing the border into Austria sold . When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Two people stayed in Neuschallersdorf and two in Edelspitz. The remaining local residents were forcibly evacuated to Germany via Znojmo in 1946 . All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 ; expropriated the Catholic Church in the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made any restitution .

In accordance with the original transfer modalities of the Potsdam communique, the Red Army demanded in January 1946 that all ethnic Germans from Austria be deported to Germany. Nevertheless, 141 people were able to remain in Austria, all others were transferred to Germany. One person each emigrated to France and Sweden, three to Canada and six to the USA.

Registries have been kept since 1580. Online search via the Brno State Archives.

Community structure

The municipality Nový Šaldorf-Sedlešovice consists of the districts Nový Šaldorf ( Neuschallersdorf ) and Sedlešovice ( Edelspitz ).

Coat of arms and seal

In 1874 the place received its own municipal seal . It shows a grape and a winemaker's knife in a seal. Later the place used a picture-less community temple.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	655	645	10	0
1890	660	655	5	0
1900	711	709	1	1
1910	723	721	0	2
1921	665	636	24	5
1930	601	571	20th	10

Attractions

• Chapel of St. Johannes (new building in 1920) with a memorial plaque for those who fell in the First World War
• "G'spitzte Marter" (1637)
• Marterl an der Trift, after the plague epidemic in 1679/80

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

• Traditionally, the Kirtag was always held on a Sunday in late August or early September.
• Every year there were two pilgrimages , one to Maria-Dreieichen and another to Mariazell.

literature

• Franz Böhm: Neu-Schallersdorf , 1965.
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house.
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige.
• Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 .
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992) , Neu Schallersdorf p. 162.
• Felix Ermacora : The Sudeten German questions , legal opinion, Langen Müller, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-7844-2412-0 .
• Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna 1995 and 1996, ISBN 3-631-48302-3 (= Viennese Eastern European Studies, Volume 2, series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe).

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia, 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2
3. ^ University of Giessen (ed.): Sudetendeutsches Wörterbuch Vol. 1, 1988, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
5. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
6. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z. , 2009
7. ^ Böhm: Neu Schallersdorf, 1965, p. 152
8. ↑ John Lang: Heimatbuch Altschallersdorf, 1998, p 68 f.
9. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
10. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
11. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
12. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
13. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
14. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května (1946).
15. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 307 (Neuschallersdorf).
16. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 10, 2011.
17. ↑ Znojmo City Archives
18. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984