Načeratice

Načeratice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihočeský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Municipality :	Znojmo
Area :	421.1637 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 49 '  N , 16 ° 7'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 49 '7 "  N , 16 ° 6' 45"  E
Height:	233  m nm
Residents :	276 (March 1, 2001)
Postal code :	669 02
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Derflice - Nový Šaldorf-Sedlešovice

Načeratice ( German Naschetitz ) is a district of the city of Znojmo in the Czech Republic . It is located seven kilometers southeast of Znojmo and belongs to the Okres Znojmo . The place was created as a Linsenangerdorf .

geography

In the west is Znojmo ( Znaim ), in the east Derflice ( Dörflitz ) and in the south Vrbovec ( Urbau ).

history

Views of Naschetitz, 1936

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The ui dialect that was spoken until 1945 and the layout of the village show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The place was first mentioned in a document in 1222 as "villam quondam Nasseratitz dictam". From 1289 the place is administered by the Cistercian monastery Saar. Around 1327 the name "Naschertitz" appears, which lasted until 1945. In the war (1469) between Georg von Podiebrad and Matthias Corvinus , the place was devastated and then deserted. Naschetitz came under the administration of Joslowitz in 1563 and remained in this until 1848. However, due to constant wars in the 16th and 17th centuries, the place only recovered in 1670. Registrars have been kept since 1700. The village received a recognizable structure in 1780 by the owner of the Joslowitz estate. During the Napoleonic Wars , the place was sacked by French troops in 1809. A school building was built in 1816 and renovated in 1858. Before that, classes had been held in farmhouses. A volunteer fire brigade was established in 1905. From 1911 to 1912 a new two-class elementary school was built. The inhabitants of Naschetitz lived from cattle and agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, played a special role. The large wine-growing areas of the 18th century decreased over the centuries and the wine culture in Naschetitz did not recover from the phylloxera plague around 1900, so from 1900 the quantities of wine produced no longer exceeded the local needs of the village. Various types of grain, vegetables and fruit were also grown. Hunting hares and partridges in the municipality was also profitable. In addition to agriculture, there were also small businesses and a milk collection point in town.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War was Czechoslovakia , which claimed for itself those German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. The South Moravian town of Naschetitz, whose residents were 100% German-speaking in 1910 , also fell to the new state. The place was electrified in 1931. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Naschetitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1, 1938 . Between 1939 and 1945 the place was merged with the village of Dörflitz to form the municipality of "Traubenfeld".

In the Second World War , the place suffered 31 victims. After its end, the place was reassigned to Czechoslovakia . Czech “partisans” had taken over the place seamlessly, imposed martial law and between June and August 1945 drove all German residents wildly across the border into Austria . 13 civilians were killed in the post-war excesses and displacement.

The local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of 23 families, in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Communiqué . Two families immigrated to the USA and one to Australia from Naschetitz was repopulated.

In 2001, 276 people lived in the 97 houses in the village.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal of the place dates from the 17th century. It shows a plow iron and a winemaker's knife standing side by side in a sign. In the 19th and 20th centuries, a non-image community temple was used.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	435	435	0	0
1890	458	458	0	0
1900	475	472	3	0
1910	513	513	0	0
1921	490	482	4th	4th
1930	534	522	12	0
1991	291
2001	276

Attractions

• Parish Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, previously a chapel (1804) and expanded and expanded around 1839, main altarpiece (1852) by Josef Winterhalter II.
• War memorial (1921)

regional customs

The inhabitants of the place were nicknamed Zeiselhaxen or Zeisellanker by their neighbors.

literature

• Julius Potucek: Naschetitz
• Elfriede Paweletz-Klien: The South Moravian ITZ Villages and the Beginnings of Settlement History in South Moravia, 2007
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Naschetitz: s. 22; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , pp. 154f.
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia Volume III , Publishing House of the South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige, 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/701025/Naceratice
2. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3-406-45954-4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
5. ^ University of Giessen (Ed.): Sudetendeutschesverzeichnis Vol. 1, 1988, Oldenbourg Verlag, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
6. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
7. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume VI, p. 267.
8. ↑ Online search via the Brno National Archives. Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives in Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 30, 2011.
9. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 260.
10. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
11. ↑ Geald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ, 2009, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, Book of the Dead p. 378.
12. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, p. 244, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
13. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
14. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 296.
15. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume II, p. 135.
16. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.