Starý Petřín

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Starý Petřín
Starý Petřín coat of arms
Starý Petřín (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 1,853.9528 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 53 '  N , 15 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 53 '24 "  N , 15 ° 44' 2"  E
Height: 430  m nm
Residents : 229 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 06
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Podhradí nad Dyjí - Vranov nad Dyjí
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 3
administration
Mayor : Radek Durajka (as of 2016)
Address: Starý Petřín 23
671 06 Šafov
Municipality number: 594806
Website : www.obec-starypetrin.estranky.cz

Starý Petřín (German Alt Petrein ) is a municipality with 250 inhabitants (January 1, 2004) in the Czech Republic . It is 430 m above sea level. M. in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district) 6 km west of Vranov nad Dyjí near the Czech-Austrian border near Langau . Neighboring towns are Šafov , Podhradí nad Dyjí , Jazovice and Nový Petřín . The place itself is laid out as a Linsenangerdorf .

history

The Alt-Petrein complex and the Bavarian-Austrian Ui dialect with its special Bavarian passwords , which were spoken until 1945, point to a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. They colonized the land, brought farm implements made of iron and implemented new agricultural cultivation methods and the high-yield three-field economy .

Alt-Petrein was first mentioned in a document from King Johann in 1323. In the same year the nearby towns of Edenthurn ( Vracovice ), Oberfröschau ( Horní Břečkov ), Zaisa ( Čížov ) and Landschau ( Lančov ) are mentioned for the first time. Over the years, the spelling of the place changed several times. In 1535 they wrote “Altkürchen Pettrein”, in 1589 “Unterpetrein” and since 1632 “Alt Petrein”, which has not changed until today. During the 16th century a toll was levied in the place by the authorities. A manorial court was also built in 1535. Until 1848 the community always belonged to the Frain dominion .

Today's Alt-Petrein was not built on this place until after the Thirty Years War , the original place was halfway to Freistein an der Thaya (Podhradí nad Dyjí) and was completely deserted.

Center of Alt Petrein, 1938

Alt-Petrein has had its own parish since 1785; it used to be a parish in Schaffa (Šafov). Neu-Petrein (Nový Petřín) and Jasowitz (Jasovice) belong to today's parish.

There is evidence of a teacher in the village as early as 1674. The old wooden school is cleared in 1810 and a new one-class school is opened in 1817. In 1893 the school was added to make it two-class.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The peace treaty of Saint Germain in 1919 declared the place, whose population in 1910 were 99% German South Moravians, to be part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In 1922, a "rural advanced training school" was established, which accepted the students from the villages of Landschau, Pomitsch, Jasowitz, Neu-Petrein, Schaffa and Freistein. In the inter-war period, settlers and newly appointed civil servants increased the influx of people speaking the Czech language. According to the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 . In 1939 a new municipality of Petrein was created, which combined Alt Petrein, Neu Petrein and Jasowitz and belonged to the Znojmo district .

During the Second World War , the place suffered 8 victims. After the end of the Second World War, the place Alt Petrein was reassigned to Czechoslovakia . Soon after the end of the war, self-proclaimed Revolutionary Guards took anti-German measures. 75 families were driven across the border to Austria in a wild expulsion in June 1945 . Other German Moravians fled these excesses, assuming they would be able to return soon. The last three German residents of the place were "officially" expelled in August 1946 . Then the place was repopulated. Around 140 of the local residents in Austria were able to remain in Austria, all others were deported to Germany.

During the municipal reform of 1960, the districts Jazovice and Nový Petřín came to Starý Petřín.

Registries have been kept since 1720.

Coat of arms and seal

No image of a seal could be found, but it is assumed that this was similar to the seal of the neighboring parish Jasowitz . Only one image-free community temple from the 19th century is known.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 300 298 2 -
1890 308 279 29 -
1900 299 281 18th -
1910 266 264 2 -
1921 286 231 49 6th
1930 271 240 29 2

Community structure

The municipality Starý Petřín consists of the districts and cadastral districts Jazovice ( Jasowitz ), Nový Petřín ( New Petrein ) and Starý Petřín ( Old Petrein ). Basic settlement units are Jazovice, Jazovice-chatová oblast, Nový Petřín and Starý Petřín.

Attractions

  • Parish church of John the Baptist (formerly a chapel from 1516), one of the oldest churches in South Moravia. Reconstruction in 1806
  • Marien Chapel with Mariahilf Altar 1756

Sons and daughters of the place

Customs, legends, fairy tales, stories

Rich customs , fairy tales and legends enriched the lives of German local residents:

  • The catacombs of Alt-Petrein
  • The Heemann and other evil spirits in the area of ​​Alt-Petrein
  • The witch Wauwuu and Alt-Petrein
  • The witch's meeting on the bird bath
  • Grasl began as a keeper's apprentice and pigeon thief
  • On the way by the "Rauhgrabl" a huge black dog was waiting for hikers at night. He tried to push people away, and when he did it, they disappeared without a trace.
  • At the Wiesnmulde a "Hehmadln" and the "machate Haubn" were up to mischief and frightened people at midnight.

Literature and Sources

  • Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Petrein p. 53
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Alt-Petrein page 1
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992), Alt-Petrein, page 25
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 317 (Alt-Petrein).
  • Gustav Gregor: Local history of Altpetrein (1957)
  • Working Committee of the South Moravians (Ed.): South Moravian Legends . Geislingen / Steige
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . Heimatwerk, Munich 1969.
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia, Universitätsdruckerei, Munich 1972, 1984, OCLC 2571511121984 .
  • Vladimír Nekuda, Eva Večerková: Starý Petřín, historický vývoj vesnice (= Vlastivědná knihovna moravská, volume 91), Muzejní a vlastivědná společnost, Brno / Obec Starý Petřín 2004, ISBN 80-7275-050-X (German and Czech).

Web links

Commons : Starý Petřín  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/594806/Stary-Petrin
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Horst Kühnel, Norbert Englisch, Bernd Kesselgruber (editor): Sudetendeutsches Wörterbuch Vol. 1, 1988, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
  4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  6. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
  7. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume VII, p. 217
  8. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z. , 2009
  9. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  10. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 317 (Alt-Petrein).
  11. ↑ Brunnhilde Scheuringer: 30 years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and displaced persons in Austria, publisher: Braumüller, 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9
  12. ↑ Online search via the Brno National Archives. Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives in Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 14, 2011.
  13. ^ Gustav Gregor: Local history of Altpetrein p. 89
  14. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  15. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/594806/Obec-Stary-Petrin
  16. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/594806/Obec-Stary-Petrin
  17. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/594806/Obec-Stary-Petrin
  18. ^ Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler in der Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Petrein p. 371
  19. ↑ South Moravian Landscape Council (ed.): Südmährisches Jahrbuch , Geislingen, Steige, 1977, p. 166
  20. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana , 2000, pp. 45–46