Leipa (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Leipa
Coat of arms of those of Leipa (variant)

The noble family von Leipa , (Czech z Lipé, ), the Berka von Dubá , von Lichtenburg and Krzineczky von Ronow took first place in the ranking of the old noble families in Bohemia .

history

The oldest ancestor was Smil, Burgrave of Glatz , who came from Zittau in the Sorbian settlement area , died in 1216. His son Heinrich von Zittau, Burgrave of Bautzen , died in 1252 and had two sons. The younger Czastalow von Ronow , who died in 1271, is the closer progenitor of the lords of Berka von Dub and Leipa, the barons Krzineczky von Ronow, von Lipa, Klin (gen) stein, Richenberg and Zleb. The older Smil "by the grace of God Herr von Lichtenburg" on Lichnicz and Brod (documented as "Zmilo de Luchtenburg, Baro illustris Regis Bohemiae"), died in 1269, had four sons:

  • Heinrich auf Brod
  • Ulrich called "Ulmann", 1313 burgrave of the castle in Prague
  • Hynek on Zleb in Eastern Bohemia, died in 1296
  • Raimund, died in 1329

One of the grandsons of Smil called Swietlik (* 1216) with the name Chval was lord of Friedland Castle and is considered the founder of the town and the Bohemian Leipa Castle (today Česká Lípa ). The name is probably derived from the linden tree ( Lípa in Czech ).

The first to have the suffix z Lipe was 1277 Czenek z Lipe . He had the moated castle built in Bohemian Leipa. Another family member was Arnoldus dictus de Lipa , a citizen in Kravařice. At the beginning of the 14th century the rock castle Sloup was built in the area of ​​the family , first mentioned in 1324, at that time as the property of the Czenek Berka von Dubá .

The lords of Leipa moved to Moravia after the sale and exchange of the manors . The sex was divided into the Lipsko and Pirkstein branches (Pirkštejn in Czech). Heinrich von Leipa (z Lipeho) on Moravský Krumlov , Supreme Court Marshal in the Kingdom of Bohemia and Governor of Moravia, died in 1496, was married to Barbara von Münsterberg, dukes from the house of the Lords of Kunstadt and Podiebrad (noble family) . Other places of residence were Lipnice nad Sázavou (Lipnitz), Havlíčkův Brod (German Brod), as well as some farms in Bohemia and Hodonín in Moravia. The members of the family were high state administrators and received the right of inheritance for the title Supreme Marshal and Provost of Vyšehrad near Prague .

John (Jan) von Leipa was Colonel Marshal of Bohemia under Charles IV , and Heinrich (Jindřich) , one of the leaders of the Bohemian nobility, promoted John of Bohemia as King of Bohemia. During the rule of the House of Luxembourg , the sex was also active in leading political functions.

Berthold Freiherr von Lipa, Oberstlandmarschall of the Kingdom of Bohemia , was sentenced to the loss of the hereditary marshal dignity after the beginning of the Thirty Years War in 1623 and the re-Catholicization in Bohemia and died in 1643 in exile. He was married to Maria, who died after 1652, on Brandeis an der Adler, daughter from the 1st marriage of the Colonel Hereditary Land Marshal in the Kingdom of Bohemia Hartwig Zaruba von Hustirzan (1586–1639), married in Czastolowicz on May 16, 1601 with Elisabeth Freiin von Oppersdorf (* 1582). With their son Czesniek Freiherr von Lippa (z Lipeho), the famous lords of the von Leipa family died out in Silesia in 1682.

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows two mutilated black branches in gold. On the helmet with black and gold helmet covers an open golden flight , covered with the shield image. A variant of the coat of arms shows a silver fish on a gold cushion in front of a natural peacock as a helmet ornament .

Personalities

  • Heinrich von Leipa the Elder (* 1296; † August 26, 1329), Oberstlandmarschall and governor. He was a diplomat and head of the widespread Ronow (noble family) , to which the lords of Leipa, von Dauba (Czech z Dubé), von Lichtenburg (Czech z Lichtenburka), Miczan von Klin (gen) stein u. a. belonged. The residence center of the lords of Leipa was then in Zittau . He was the leader of the high nobility in disputes with King John of Bohemia . In 1319 the king made the office of Oberstlandmarschall hereditary for his descendants and this was valid until the family died out in the name bearer tribe in 1683.
  • Bernard von Leipa, provost of the collegiate monastery in Bautzen ( Budyšín in Upper Sorbian )
  • Heinrich "Der Eiserne" (Jindřich "Železný" in Czech) (* 1312 ; † 1337 ), Duke of Bohemia
  • Czesniek (Czech Čeněk) (* 1316 ; † 1363 ), Duke of Moravia, became famous for the constant exchange of family estates with his brother Bertolt and his nephew Heinrich.
  • Johann (Czech Jan) (* 1330 ; † 1338 ), Duke in Moravia
  • Heinrich (Czech Jindřich) († 1352 ), provost on Vyšehrad near Prague
  • Heinrich (Czech Jindřich) (* before 1337; † 1404 ), Supreme Marshal of Bohemia
  • Berthold von Lipa (z Lipeho), provost of the royal collegiate chapter on the Wischehrad (Czech Vyšehrad) near Prague, Oberstlandmarschall of the Kingdom of Bohemia, died 1347, married to Agnes, a daughter of Heinrich I. Herr von Rosenberg, on Krumau (Krumlov) and Klingenberg (Zwikow), royal Bohemian Chamberlain and Oberburggraf zu Prague (head of the state government), died on March 4, 1310 in Prague and the wife of his second marriage Elisabeth Freiin von Dobrusska (Elisska z Dobrussky), daughter of Frhr. from Dobrusska to Skuhrow.
  • Matthäus Salava (Czech Matěj Salava), dictus Salawa de Lipa, Hussite captain and ally of the Orebites ; 1393 Lord of the Skály Castle in Eastern Bohemia, died in 1453 with the descendants Trcka von Lipa.
  • Heinrich von Lipa, Oberstlandmarschall in the Kingdom of Bohemia, died after 1513, married to Bohunka von Pernstein (noble family) (1485–1549) in their 1st marriage.

literature

  • Heinrich von Kadich , C. Blazek, J. Siebmacher's grosses und Allgemeine Wappenbuch, Volume IV, Section 10, Der Mährische Adel, Nuremberg 1899, p. 70
  • Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian noble families. Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2 , Lipa: pp. 15, 200, 206, 253, 298, 333, 359; z Lipeho: pp. 15, 200, 253, 333, 359; Supplementary volume, ISBN 3-486-54051-3 , Lipa (Leipa): pp. 18 f., 102, 107; z Lipeho: pp. 147, 159.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2 , p. 15.
  2. ^ Original in the Vienna Teutonic Order Central Archive