Retz windmill
| Retz windmill
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 48 ° 45 '42 " N , 15 ° 56' 33" E | |
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| use | ||
| Windmill type | Dutch mill as a tower windmill with conical walls | |
| Number of wings | 4th | |
The Retz windmill in Lower Austria is one of the last two operational windmills in Austria . Only in Podersdorf am Neusiedler See has a second of the original four hundred windmills in Austria been preserved.
location
The Retz windmill is located on the old road from Retz to Hofern on a hill between Retz and the Manhartsberg , which forms the border between the Weinviertel and Waldviertel . The Calvary and the Retz military cemetery are in the immediate vicinity .
history
Two windmills were built in close proximity to each other. One of the two was built as a stone building in 1775 and burned down after a lightning strike in 1893. Since then it has been used as a residential building.
Post mill (from 1772)
The construction of the wooden post mill began in 1772 and lasted a year. The mill, which has seen numerous changes of ownership, was in operation until around 1850/1851 and then dismantled for unknown reasons.
Pictorial documentation can be found on depictions by Retz from the 18th and 19th centuries. A journeyman's letter from 1775 or 1787 (the so-called “rolling letter”) shows the post mill in the vineyards above Retz.
Stone windmill (construction started in 1853 or 1855)
The stones for the new windmill were broken directly on the Calvary. Erected conical tower from Maurermeister Karl Cerny from between Znaim and Frain Thaya located Liliendorf , where he also erected a windmill according to the model of Retz. At the same time as the windmill, a house was built that was inhabited until 1938. Today it is used as a "windmill tavern".
In 1915 and 1927, the Retz windmill was struck by lightning , which caused damage but did not start a fire. A lightning rod was not installed until 1999 .
On October 10, 1918, the official mill lock on the owner of the windmill was announced in an official gazette. The reason for this was "Schwarzmahlen" (prohibited milling of grain). This ban was lifted on December 15 of the same year. The last customer brought 50 kilograms of barley to the Retz windmill for grinding on November 21, 1924 , after which operations were closed.
In 1928 the city of Retz placed the windmill under a preservation order because of its largely unchanged exterior and interior appearance . In 1955, a lease agreement was signed between the owner of the mill and the town of Retz for its maintenance and tourist use. Guided tours have been held since around 1960.
In 1993, the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics set up a partially automated weather station next to the windmill . The wind measuring system of this station was mounted on the roof top above the weather vane . In 2000 the mill was renovated. The basement was cleared out and the four-storey interior was ventilated. Because of the strong insect infestation, the windmill was filled with hydrogen cyanide gas.
Without the help of the packaging artist Christo , the windmill was covered with red fabric on August 5, 2001 on the occasion of the event series “ Retzer Land - Fiery Land ”. The Retz fire brigade and other helpers were busy with this work for around five hours.
One of the wings was destroyed in a storm with a wind speed of more than 100 km / h on the Austrian national holiday in 2002 . On July 25, 2003, the Retz fire brigade and a company from Blindenmarkt replaced the previous wings with historically correct ones.
On the occasion of the partnership between Pulkau and Klösterle , which has existed for 20 years, the town hall of Pulkau and the windmill of Retz were reconstructed from snow in the spring of 2006 under the direction of the artist Christoph Strolz in their original size in the Sonnenkopf ski area ( Vorarlberg ).
In 2009 and 2010 the wings were replaced by new ones from a Dutch company. On May 1, 2010, the mill was put back into operation.
Data
- Height of the brick mill tower: 8.7 meters
- Height of the mill tower plus roof: 13 meters
- Diameter at the base: 9.89 meters
- Diameter at the top of the wall: 6.76 meters
- Surface of the truncated cone: 227 square meters
- Diameter of the wing cross: 25 meters
- Wing area: 10 by 2.5 meters
- Optimal wind speed: Wind force 4 - 5 (results in 12 - 15 revolutions per minute)
- Critical wind speed: from about wind force 5
Movie and TV
The Retz windmill had its first appearance in an episode of the TV series Der Kurier der Kaiserin with Klausjürgen Wussow , in which a Prussian officer dueled him several times at the windmill.
Outwardly, the Retz windmill was greatly alienated in the film adaptation of The Three Musketeers in Austria in 1993.
Stamp
From September 24, 1976, the Austrian Post issued postage stamps from the series Landscapes from Austria with a picture of the Retz windmill with a face value of 4.50 Schilling.
Windmill ring
The Windmühlenring is an award from the city of Retz, which is given primarily to citizens of the city of Retz for special achievements.
Literature (source)
- DEHIO manual. The art monuments of Austria: Lower Austria. North of the Danube. Retz. Windmill. Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.), Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-7031-0585-2 , p. 975.
- Therese Bergmann: " The Windmill in Retz ", Profildruck Buchverlag Wien & Retz, ISBN 3-902067-03-9
- Therese Bergmann: " The Retz Windmill - Your Story in Numbers and Characters ", Günther Hofer Retz Publishing House, ISBN 3-902111-18-6
Web links
- The Retz windmills - history and sketches, town of Retz
- The historic Retz windmill - viewing times, Retzer Land regional marketing
- 230 years of Retz windmill (Retz town news, page 8, PDF file) (1.20 MB)
- Retz Windmill Board of Trustees (Retz City News, page 8, PDF file) (609 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.weinstadt-retz.at/geschichte-windmuehlen.htm
- ↑ http://www.noe.gv.at/presse/msg2001/2001080112.htm ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.windmuehle.at/windmuehle/index.cfm?objectID=66C8B3AE-E26A-EEEF-2BD70EC0CB182F16 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://alo.uibk.ac.at:8180/filestore/servlet/GetFile?id=RWAIQLSOEXVUUICAOAFT ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ New life for the Retz windmill ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Kulturpunkt Hardegg accessed on March 21, 2010
- ↑ noev1.orf.at: Retz windmill back in operation , May 1, 2010, accessed on May 13, 2012
- ↑ http://www.pappalatur.at/2006/09/14/hommage-an-retz/
