Jaroslavice
| Jaroslavice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 1578 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 45 ' N , 16 ° 14' E | ||||
| Height: | 189 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,266 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 671 28 | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Petr Zálešák (as of 2009) | ||||
| Address: | Náměstí 93 671 28 Jaroslavice |
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| Municipality number: | 594199 | ||||
| Website : | www.obec-jaroslavice.cz | ||||
Jaroslavice (German Joslowitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 17 kilometers southeast of the city of Znojmo (Znojmo) and belongs to the Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district) . The place is laid out as a square village.
geography
The place is located around two kilometers from Austria and can be reached from Zwingendorf via paved roads. To the north of the village there is a large fish pond (Zámecký rybník, area around 245 ha). There is a solar power plant south of the village . The neighboring towns are in the northwest Slup (Zulb) and in the northeast Hrádek (Erdberg) .
history
In Jaroslavice there had been a Gothic border castle since the 13th century , which was replaced by a four-wing Renaissance castle in the 16th century . A legend even says that the castle already existed in 1030. The place was first mentioned in 1249, when Ottokar II handed the place over to the Znojmo burgrave Boček of Jaroslavice and Zbraslav , to whom he also awarded the title of Count of Pernegg in 1252 . After Boček's death in 1255, Joslowitz remained in the possession of his descendants. After Boček's lineage with Smil von Obřany , a son of the Moravian under chamberlain Gerhard von Zbraslav and Obřany , died out in 1312/13, Joslowitz came to Heinrich von Leipa . Joslowitz was the seat of a lordship and was therefore raised to market in 1516. This survey was in 1535 by the Czech king and later Emperor Ferdinand I confirmed. The Thaya moved its course around 1600, after which the bridge was moved to Höflein an der Thaya . In 1606 a school is reported for the first time. During the Thirty Years' War the place was sacked and the church was looted by Swedish troops. The name of the place has been in use since 1633. Not until 1660 is a Catholic priest back in Joslowitz. From 1679/80 the plague raged in the village and in the same year the Joslowitz rule was united with the Frainer. Registries are available from 1729. Online search via the Brno State Archives.
A major fire destroyed most of the village in 1749. Around 1825 a new school building was built, which was expanded to six classes by the 20th century, as the number of children in the village rose rapidly. Cholera raged in the village in 1832 and 1856. During the German-Austrian War in 1866, cholera was brought in again by Prussian soldiers. This time the disease claimed the lives of 73 local residents. In 1870 Joslowitz (more precisely the neighboring town of Possitz , but the double name Possitz-Joslowitz was used) a train station on the Znaim – Lundenburg line . Since two major fires raged in the village in 1872 and 1883 and entire districts had been reduced to rubble, a volunteer fire brigade was founded. At least between 1897 and 1910 (probably longer) there was a district court in Joslowitz . For the 60th anniversary of the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph I , a memorial stone was erected in the school garden in 1908 and a memorial oak was planted. In 1913 a power plant was built in the local area. There were a total of three annual markets in Joslowitz: on the first Monday in April, on August 10 and on September 29. The majority of Joslowitz lived from cattle and agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries in South Moravia, played a special role. In contrast to many places in South Moravia, large-scale viticulture only developed after the phylloxera plague (around 1864). Before that, the amount of wine produced never exceeded own needs. Due to the favorable climate, lentils, peas, potatoes, beets, corn, poppy seeds, cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes, peppers, apples, pears, plums, peaches, apricots and cherries were also grown in addition to various types of grain. Hunting in the municipality was also profitable. In addition to the usual small businesses, there was a mill, a grist mill, two cattle dealers and a cement factory.
After the First World War , which claimed 63 victims among the Joslowitzers, the multi-ethnic state of Austria-Hungary fell apart . The place that in 1910 came to 99.6% of German-speaking inhabitants to the newly founded Czechoslovakia . In the interwar period , there was an increase in the number of Czech-speaking residents. In 1920 a Czech minority school was built. Around 1937, 13 concrete bunkers were built for the Czechoslovak Wall in the municipality . During the Sudeten crisis , the pastor and some representatives of the community were arrested. According to the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 . At that time there were three brick factories, two bus companies and two taxi companies in addition to the normal craft workshops.
In World War II, 186 local residents died. After the end of the war, the Soviets and Czech Revolutionary Guards killed twelve civilians. With the exception of 82 people, all German local residents fled the post-war excesses or were wildly driven across the border into Austria . The remaining German South Moravians were officially forcibly evacuated to Germany via Znaim between July 9 and September 18, 1946 in three expulsion transports . The place was repopulated.
Most of those expelled to Austria were transferred to West Germany. The majority of the Joslowitzer settled in Baden-Württemberg and Hesse.
Coat of arms and seal
The oldest surviving seal dates back to 1535. It shows a two-tower battlement wall in a Renaissance shield with the newly awarded shield below a flag. This label contains the coat of arms of the lords of Kunstadt, who were then the rulers of Joslowitz. This seal was largely used unchanged until the 20th century.
Joslowitz was also given the right to use a coat of arms . It showed the exact same picture as the seal. The crenellated walls were silver on a green lawn and the shield on the wall was blue. The silver towers have red pointed roofs. In the 18th century the colors of the label changed to red-white-red. This came from the Althan family at that time and not, as the Czechs later wrongly suspected, from belonging to Austria. In 1919 they changed the colors of the label to red with slanting silver bars.
Population development
| census | Total population | Language affiliation of the inhabitants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | German | Czechs | Other | |
| 1880 | 2041 | 2034 | 5 | 2 |
| 1890 | 2182 | 2150 | 12 | 20th |
| 1900 | 2223 | 2216 | 0 | 7th |
| 1910 | 2408 | 2398 | 1 | 9 |
| 1921 | 2544 | 2275 | 152 | 217 |
| 1930 | 2598 | 2321 | 165 | 112 |
Partner municipality
- Seefeld-Kadolz , Austria
Attractions
- The renaissance castle (1730/36) enthroned above the town, which Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach helped to rebuild . It has a large castle courtyard and a striking arcade. It is currently in a dilapidated condition. In the palace chapel there is a ceiling fresco by Franz Anton Maulbertsch .
- The classicistic St. Jiří Church below the castle from the 18th century. It is connected to the castle by a covered staircase.
- A pillory from the 16th century.
- Several baroque statues in the village (John of Nepomuk (1736), St. Donatus (1736), St. Anthony of Padua (1735), St. Florian (1700))
- Parish Church of St. Aegidius (1325), reconstruction in the style of late Rococo / early classicism (1788/91) with sculptures by Andreas Schweigel .
- Cemetery (1782)
- Marian column on the market square (1750) (converted in 1882)
- Trinity Column (1736)
- Kaiser Josef II monument (1911), damaged and cleared by the Czechs in 1918.
- War memorial (1921)
- Artesian well (1902)
Personalities
- Johann Michael von Althann (1679–1722), favorite of Emperor Karl VI. and a main representative of the Spanish party at the Viennese court
- Ludwig Czerny (1821–1888), painter and lithographer
- Anton von Winzor (1844–1910), general and country chief of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Georg Pfeiffer (1867–1946), Dean. Poems in the Ui dialect and standard German.
- Karl Hans Wittek (born January 14, 1923). Architect, graphic artist, painter.
- Manfred Frey (* 1940), President of the Financial Directorate Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Vice-President of the Austrian National Bank
literature
- Johann Haase: About viticulture in the Znojmo and Joslowitz judicial districts (1873)
- Johann Hofer: The oldest owners of Joslowitz (1902)
- František Peøinka: Jaroslavský okres- Vlastivìda Moravská, cis. 24 (1905)
- Anton Vrbka: Building blocks for local history of the Joslowitzer Ländchen (1924)
- Franz Lantzberg: From the Joslowitzer Ländchen I (1929)
- Community Sparkasse Joslowitz 1874 - 1934 (1934)
- The South Moravian costume for the Znojmo and Joslowitz region (1938)
- Telephone directory of Znojmo and the local networks of Frain, Grusbach, Joslowitz, Mährisch Kromau and Misslitz around 1940
- Ottokar Tomaschek: Ortschronik of the market town Joslowitz (1951/52)
- Gusti Witek: Memories of Joslowitz (1968)
- Josef Markel / Lederer: market town of Joslowitz (1976)
- Emil Mlejnek: Local history Joslowitz (1980)
- Martin Markel : Dějiny Jaroslavic (Rajhrad 2006)
- Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
- Hans Böhm: Joslowitz, History of a Village through the Ages (1999)
- Gusti Witek: Old Joslowitz suspicions
- Gusti Witek: Memorial sheet of the victims 1939 - 1945 market town Joslowitz
- Gusti Witek: History of the rule and the Joslowitz castle
- Gusti Witek: Joslowitz in graphic and picture representations in the 19th and 20th centuries.
- Gusti Witek: Ortschronik - Joslowitz
swell
- Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, 1941, Joslowitz p. 268.
- Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Joslowitz p. 24
- Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts (1992), Joslowitz p. 13f
- Bruno Kaukal: Wappen und Siegel (1992), Joslowitz p. 100f
- Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 287 f . (Joslowitz).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Miroslav Plaček, Peter Futak: Páni for Kunštátu. Rod erbu vrchních pruhů na cestě k trůnu . Nakladatelství Lidové Noviny 2006, ISBN 80-7106-683-4 , p. 59
- ↑ J.Schmid: Joslowitzer Heimatkunde 1898 pp. 11-17
- ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 14, 2011.
- ^ Meyers Bibliographisches Lexikon, Leipzig and Vienna, 5th edition 1897, 9th volume, p. 626
- ^ Kk Central Statistical Commission (ed.): Special locations repertory of Moravia. Edited on the basis of the results of the census of December 31, 1910. Vienna 1918 (special location repertories of the Austrian states)
- ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 259
- ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
- ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010, Book of the Dead p. 378
- ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 287 f . (Joslowitz).
- ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46, diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
- ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae Bl. IV p. 272
- ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984