Zwingendorf

coat of arms
Basic data
State :	Lower Austria
Political District :	Mistelbach ( MI )
Area :	20.97 km²
Residents :	499 (2001 census)
Height :	206  m above sea level A.
Postal code :	2063
Area code :	02527
Geographic location :	48 ° 42 '  N , 16 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 42 '  N , 16 ° 14'  E
Community code :	31616
Administration address :	Market town of Großharras Großharras 145 2034 Großharras
politics
Mayor :	Rudolf Dötzl

Zwingendorf is a cadastral municipality of the market town of Großharras with 499 inhabitants in the Mistelbach district in the Austrian state of Lower Austria .

geography

Zwingendorf is located in the northern Weinviertel in Lower Austria in the Pulkau Valley, about halfway between Laa an der Thaya and Haugsdorf .

The area of ​​the cadastral community covers 20.97 square kilometers, including nature reserves with rare plants (sea milkweed (see: beach milkweed ), halophytes )

The cadastral Zwingendorf including the courts Meier Alicenhof and Karlhof besides Diepolz and the place Großharras part of the market town Großharras.

nature

The beach milkweed has its only Austrian occurrence in Zwingendorf

On the northern edge of the village near the village pond, about one kilometer east of Zwingendorf near the ice pond and two kilometers east of the Saliterwiese, there are some 29 hectares of highly remarkable salt biotopes . 15.75 hectares of which were placed under nature protection in 1979. It is a Solontschake with strongly increased sodium sulphate and magnesium sulphate contents, a circumstance hostile to life for most plants and animals, which has led to a specific and very rare fauna and flora in Austria . Similar salt biotopes, but not with exactly the same chemical composition, only exist in Austria in Baumgarten an der March and in Seewinkel in Burgenland and outside Austria, for example, in the dry basins of Central Asia . They could arise through the occurrence of corresponding saline, tertiary deposits, through tectonic unrest, which enable the formation of artesian wells , dense sediment layers in which the salt can settle, and a warm, dry climate. The area around Zwingendorf is one of the driest areas in Austria, with around 400–500 mm of rainfall per year. Originally, large parts of the Pulkau valley as far as the Czech Republic were covered by salt soils, but these were largely destroyed by drainage . The existing salt locations are also acutely threatened due to a lack of management measures and a drop in the groundwater level, especially since nature conservation measures are viewed with skepticism or even strictly rejected by the local authorities.

history

Bronze Age finds in Zwingendorf show that the place was already settled in prehistory.

The village of Zwingendorf was first mentioned in a document in 1207 , but it is likely to have originated around the year 1000. The place name is probably derived from the Slavic swinja (= pig), so it should be a Slavic foundation ( Great Moravian Empire ).

Originally the settlement was divided into two districts, Groß- and Kleinzwingendorf, by the Mailbergbach and had a church in each district. In 1539 the Großzwemmenorf church was torn down (probably in connection with the growing Protestantism).

In the Thirty Years' War the Swedes devastated the settlement in 1645 and waves of plague decimated the population in the second half of the 17th century (around 1681 and 1713). At the eastern exit of the village, the White Cross reminds of the plague.

Between 1700 and 1900 floods of the Pulkau (around 1707, 1761, 1814, 1820, 1844 and 1876) before their regulation, as well as cholera epidemics (1832 and 1855) and fire disasters caused great problems for the local population.

In 1873 the connection to the railway network followed with the construction of the Pulkautalbahn .

With the loss of the First World War and even more with the Cold War and the Iron Curtain, the village on the border became a peripheral area and thus became economically sidelined and a region with a dwindling population.

In the course of the municipal administrative structure adjustments in the late 60s and early 70s, the merger with the five kilometers south of Grossharras took place on January 1, 1971.

Since 1992 efforts have been made to consolidate a partnership with the neighboring Czech town of Jaroslavice (Joslowitz).

Population development

According to the results of the 2001 census , there were 499 inhabitants.

politics

The mayor of the cadastral community and vice-mayor of the market community of Großharras is Rudolf Dötzl. Mayor of the market town is Josef Windpassinger, office manager Reinhard Fichtinger.

In the market town council the market town Großharras are a total of 19 seats since the municipal elections of 25 January 2015 15 mandates for the ÖVP and 4 accounted for the SPÖ.

Economy and Infrastructure

In 2001 there were 42 non-agricultural workplaces, agricultural and forestry operations 107 according to the 1999 survey. According to the 2001 census, the number of people in employment at the place of residence was 505. In 2001, the activity rate was 42.67 percent.

Contaminated sites

Since 1962, production waste, in particular waste gypsum, as well as commercial waste similar to household waste has been deposited on an area of ​​around 14 hectares, which is located immediately west of the Pernhofen factory premises in the area of ​​KG Zwingendorf. Immediately next to the old deposit, a strong contamination of the groundwater flow was found, which also affects the groundwater quality in the wider area. In 1990 the landfill was enclosed with a sealing wall and the internal water level was continuously lowered to prevent the contaminated groundwater from flowing away. The results now show that the landfill is currently not causing any significant pollution of the groundwater. The old deposit is therefore to be assessed as secured.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Dötzl Rudolf (Vice Mayor, Ortsvorsteher). Grossharras Congregation, accessed February 6, 2016 . 
2. ^ Federal Environment Agency (ed.): Salt habitats in Austria . (PDF; 3.8 MB) Vienna 2006. ISBN 3-85457-800-8 . P. 22 f., 183 f.
3. ↑ Secured contaminated site N13: Jungbunzlauer gypsum dump at altlasten.gv.at

literature

• District captain of Mistelbach (Ed.): Home book of the administrative district Mistelbach . Vol. 1 and 2. Vienna 1959. Vol. 3. Mistelbach 2005.
• Nives Doneus: The prehistoric and early historical site of Zwingendorf, Lower Austria . Vienna 2002.
• Marktgemeinde Großharras (Ed.): Commemorative publication on the occasion of the market survey and 800 year celebration of the market town of Großharras on September 30, 1956. Großharras 1956.