Moravský Krumlov Castle

Moravský Krumlov Castle

Moravský Krumlov Castle (German Mährisch Kromau) is located in Moravský Krumlov in Okres Znojmo , Moravia ( Czech Republic ).

Building

The castle is the oldest of the Moravian arcade castles and is located on the narrowest part of a meander formed by the Rokytná river around the whole town. The castle was converted into a Renaissance castle with a three-sided arcade courtyard by the builder Leonardo Garove from Bissone . The Italian style can be found particularly in the relief decoration on the pillars, which were formed in the Tuscan, Ionic and Corinthian styles.

From 1963 to 2012 the unique Alfons Maria Mucha painting gallery was located in the knight's hall . Twenty images formed a, The Slav Epic or Slaven epic mentioned monumental cycle of the history of the Slavic peoples. Half of it is devoted to Bohemian history.

The castle is surrounded by a 12 hectare English park.

history

On the present location of the castle was a 1238 to 1240 by the Znojmo burgrave Boček of Zbraslav Jaroslavice and for King I. Wenceslas built castle . The Chrumenaw residence was first mentioned in writing on May 6, 1277 in a Vienna peace treaty between the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl and the Roman-German King Rudolf I. After Ottokar's death in the Battle of Marchfeld , Boček's son Gerhard von Zbraslav took over and Obřany the castle and the town under construction; the new King Wenceslaus II gave them a peculiar title to him. In 1289 Gerhard von Zbraslav was verifiably the owner of the Krumlov Castle.

With the extinction of the Lords of Obřany, the castle fell to the sovereign; Margrave Johann left it to his Marshal Heinrich von Leipa after 1312 . Henry III. von Leipa sold the castle and manor Krumlov to the Lords of Krumlov in 1368 . After the Lords of Krawarn died out, the rule fell back to the Lords of Leipa in 1434 .

Johann III. von Leipa started to convert the castle into a palace after 1513. In 1537 the doctor Paracelsus was brought to the castle to treat Johann von Leipa. Paracelsus found that the sick person was in a worse condition than he described, broke off the treatment and left without authorization.

The most important building measures such as the west wing and the arcades were carried out in the time of Perchtold V von Leipa; a dendrological examination of the half-timbering in the west wing dates it to 1562. The conversion was probably completed in 1593 with the stables in the eastern forecourt, this date is also attached to the portal.

After the Battle of White Mountain in 1621, all of the goods belonging to Berthold Bohuslaw ( Bohubud ) von Leipa, who was a leader of the Moravian estates, were confiscated. In 1624 Gundaker von Liechtenstein bought the Krummau estate. The youngest of the three sons of Hartmann von Liechtenstein achieved that the Lords of Krummau and Ostroh were elevated to the Principality of Liechtenstein in 1633 with residence in the city ​​of Liechtenstein (Krummau). The terms Principality of Liechtenstein and City of Liechtenstein did not last long and became out of use again from 1647; After the acquisition of the County of Vaduz and the rule of Schellenberg , the old title was reactivated and in 1719 it was raised to the status of the Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein .

In 1634, Gundaker von Liechtenstein established a family fideikommiss - the Small Majorat of the House of Liechtenstein ( Gundakarisches Majorat ) on the Lordship of Krummau and the associated Wolframitz estate . Anton Florian von Liechtenstein , who took over the Gundakarian Majorat in 1711 , inherited the Great Carolinian Majorat in 1712 and united both.

In 1751 Josef Wenzel von Liechtenstein exchanged the rule of Krummau with his brother Emanuel for his previous allodial rule of Lundenburg . In 1771, Emanuel's second-born son, Karl Borromäus Joseph von Liechtenstein , inherited the minority ; his older brother Franz Josef was the heir to the Grand Majorate . The small majorat was then passed on to the Charles line .

In 1835, around 22,500 people lived on the territory of the Fideikommiss-Primogeniturherrschaft Mährisch-Krummau including the attached estates Frainspitz and Groß Tajax in the towns of Krummau and Eibenschitz , the markets of Hosterlitz , Proßmeritz , Rauchowan , Weimislitz and Wolframitz as well as 35 villages.

With the death of Rudolf von Liechtenstein in 1908, the Charles line in the male line expired . Ferdinand Rudolf Kinsky von Wchinitz and Tettau was heir to the castle and the manorial estate belonging to it, followed by his second son Rudolf Anton in 1919. After the end of the Second World War, the property of Rudolf Anton Kinsky was confiscated on the basis of the Beneš decrees , since in 1938 he had played a decisive role in the annexation of Moravský Krumlov to the Greater German Reich .

In the second half of the 20th century the castle was used as the seat of various offices, after which it was used by the Czechoslovak Army. In 1992 the castle was sold for a symbolic price of one crown to Zámek as. In 2004 the Incheba Bratislava company bought the castle in an auction. Because of its dilapidated condition, the castle was added to the list of endangered monuments. In 2016, the castle, which was valued at 21 million Czech crowns , was auctioned again , with the town of Moravský Krumlov winning the bid for 14 million crowns.

literature

• Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia, represented topographically, statistically and historically . Volume III: Znaimer Kreis, Brünn 1837, pp. 309–352

Web links

Commons : Moravský Krumlov chateau  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Zámek v Moravském Krumlově on the website of the city of Moravský Krumlov
• zámek Moravský Krumlov on hrady.cz

Individual evidence

1. ^ Evelin Oberhammer: Mährisch Kromau (rule, Czech Moravský Krumlov). In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein .

Coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ 56 "  N , 16 ° 18 ′ 26.3"  E