Mailberg Castle
| Mailberg Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 General view from the northeast |
||
| Conservation status: | Received or received substantial parts | |
| Place: | Mailberg | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 40 '13.6 " N , 16 ° 10' 58.1" E | |
| Height: | 214 m above sea level A. | |
|
||
Mailberg Castle is located on a hill on the southern edge of the historic center of the wine-growing town of Mailberg , northeast of Hollabrunn in the Weinviertel in Lower Austria .
Mailberg Castle and Palace were the sites of two important historical events. On May 2, 1082, Leopold II from Babenberg lost a decisive battle here against the loyal Bohemian prince Wratislaw. In 1451, the estates of Upper and Lower Austria united in the castle, which with Emperor Friedrich III. because of the release of the heir to the throne Ladislaus, who was under his tutelage, were in dispute and concluded the Mailberger Bund . 250 seals confirmed this covenant to help the rightful heir to the throne to his right.
The basic structural substance of the castle goes back to an order castle of the Order of St. John , which was probably built at the time of the Second Crusade (1147–1149) and is based on a donation by Chadolt von Zogelsdorf. From the 13th century the castle served as the religious, economic, military and hospital center of the possessions grouped by the Order of the Coming Mailberg, which today form the world's oldest commander-in-law of the Sovereign Order of Malta .
Today's appearance of the order castle and the parish church of St. John the Baptist can be traced back to alterations and extensions that range from the Gothic to the Renaissance and, above all, the Baroque to minor changes in the 19th and 20th centuries.
The agricultural and forestry operations of the Kommende Mailberg today comprise 440 hectares of forest, 250 hectares of agriculture and 48 hectares of vineyards . In addition to the Mailberg parish church, the castle currently houses a castle hotel, a restaurant and the vinotheque of the “ Castle Winery Maltese Knight Order” and the quality winegrowing association “Mailberg Valley”.
History of the castle
prehistory
In the 11th century the area around Mailberg (Mauriberg, Mouriberch) belonged to Haderich, a son of the bailiff of the bishop of Regensburg and his descendants. To 1135, the area comes into the possession of the family of the Kadolte (also Chadolte), which in the 12th century in Pulkau , Harras Mailberg , Göllersdorf , Stronsdorf , Zogelsdorf and Seefeld are detected and the northern Weinviertel some local and field names recall. You probably also found the settlement at the foot of the eponymous mountain. Chadolt von Zogelsdorf joined the Second Crusade under Margrave Heinrich II Jasomirgott in 1147 and donated part of his possessions to the Johannitern founded in 1099 as early as 1146 . After his death, his nephew Chadolt von Harras claimed the donation. Heinrich II settled the dispute on August 15, 1156 and the Johanniter Mailberg should be able to keep the two vineyards in Grinzing and peasant subjects ( landholders ). The agreement is recorded in the so-called Heinricianum .
Presumably at the time of the donation, which falls during the term of office of the order's grand master Frá Raymond du Puy , the Order of St. John began to build a fortified monastery with a hospital and church on a small hill south of the village . The presence of the order can be documented at the earliest with the confirmation of possession by Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa on September 17, 1156.
Upcoming Mailberg
12./13. century
Substantial donations were made to the order in the 12th and especially in the 13th century. These mostly small and scattered possessions and worldly prerogatives ( village rule , Partonats- and Zehentrechte , Wildbann and fishing rights) were, in the course of development of various levels of the Order of St. John to a Coming caught. The classic structure of a coming came from the principles of the order: Religio , Hospitalitas , Militia and Caritas . Such a seat of the order therefore had to serve the functions of a fortified building, farm yard, church and pilgrim hospital.
Located at the intersection of the roads from the Danube to Bohemia and the Waldviertel , Mailberg was - characteristic of many coming - on an important pilgrimage and trade route, but also in a strategic military position to the border area, which is always endangered.
In the coming of the Habsburg hereditary lands, the priestly brothers usually outweighed the number of knight brothers , as the former also had to look after the numerous incorporated religious parishes. Mailberg should originally have been one of the few knights coming to the Grand Priory of Bohemia . Commands who were brothers of the knights, carried either the title “master” or “commendator” and who held military and economic leadership, have been handed down as “magister fratrum in mourberch” from the 13th century . Among them are the names Ludwig and Friedrich (1232), Wolfger (1244), Konrad (1263) and Leupold von Stillfried (1292). Spiritual brothers of the "Ordinis Hospitalis sancti Johannis dictus de Meurenberge", who presided over the monastery, bore the title of " Prior ".
From the time of Leupold von Stillfried, a seal of the Kommende Mailberg has come down to us, which shows the severed, bearded and nimbly head of John the Baptist resting on a footplate.
14./15. century
Politically, the first half of the 14th century was marked by conflict between the Habsburgs and Wittelsbachers . In 1331 Bohemian troops invaded the Weinviertel and devastated the country. Johann von Böhmen invaded the Pulkau Valley again in 1336 with 20,000 foot soldiers and 2,000 horsemen and occupied Mailberg. Under the commanders Otto and Bernhard Lembucher (1392–1420), the lords of Lipa and Neuhaus invaded in 1399 and the mercenary leader Johann Sokol von Lamberg in 1402, who briefly occupied the order castle.
In the first half of the 14th century several comedians were subordinate to the “Magister” zu Mailberg as “membra”, including Vienna , Unterlaa , Ebenfurth and Stroheim near Eferding as well as those in Moravia . After the militarization of the order in the 12th and 13th centuries, the clericalization of the European religious establishments prevailed in the 14th.
In the Hussite Wars , the Coming was again badly affected. In 1426 the place, the Kunigunden Church and the hospital fell victim to the armed conflict, although the main building and the church are likely to have remained largely unscathed. Commander Wilhelm Dechsner (approx. 1440–1462) and his convent complained in 1445 about the economic consequences. Nevertheless, he had the means to acquire the “Mailberger Hof” in Vienna's Johannesgasse. The Coming Mailberg was significant enough to accommodate the assembly that culminated on October 14, 1451 in the Mailberger Bund and whose signatory included Komtur Dechsner, which makes it clear that the Mailberger Komture were ranked among the abbots and prelates in the assembly of estates. In 1452 the Commander was summoned before the order's government in Rhodes because he had stopped paying the response payments as a result of the Hussite Wars. As a substitute he promised to equip 6,000 men with 1,200 horses for the war against the Turks.
In the second half of the 15th century, the former Bohemian mercenary leader Achaz Bohunko was Komtur in Mailberg. Bohunko had in the conflict of Emperor Frederick III. defeated with the state estates and the city of Vienna on its side. When the emperor threatened to transfer ownership of the Mailberger Kommende to the Order of St. George, which he founded in 1469 , the Johanniter were probably able to prevent this, not least through the influence of Bohunko.
In 1477 Matthias Corvinus and his troops invaded northern Lower Austria and occupied "Martperg Castle", as the convent was now called. Bohunko died in 1479 and a succession dispute broke out. In 1482 even Pope Sixtus IV asked Corvinus to return Mailberg to Commander Johannes Florset, appointed by the Johannites. Corvinus had the seat of the order from Emperor Friedrich III. who had pledged “Schloß und Herrschaft Marperg” in turn for 7,000 guilders to the brothers Andreas, Ulrich and Wolfram von Grafenegg . It was not until 1494 that Jan von Schellenberg (Jan ze Šelmberka), the highest chancellor of Bohemia, promised to return Mailberg Castle to the Knight of St. John, Andreas von Grafenegg or his captain Nikolaus Pflug for 800 guilders. This time also marked the general political decline of the European Johanniter settlements, which the religious state on Rhodes had nothing to counter.
16th Century
The dispute over the coming was settled in 1504 by the Roman-German King Maximilian I , but Mailberg did not finally return to the order until October 22, 1517.
With the decline of the church in the 15th century and the subsequent Reformation period , the order began to be laicized. From the end of the 15th century, there were repeated smaller Ottoman incursions and skirmishes in all eastern border areas of the Habsburg Empire.
In the first decades of the century, Hugko Popel (Hugo Paul) von Lobkowitz (1517), whose grave slab is preserved in the castle church , and Johann Kaltderer (1521) are handed down as commander. Castle and “priest house” are falling into disrepair. Even friars are unlikely to have been in the convent, which meant that the construction of the palace suffered. Johann Kalterer was succeeded by Frá Reinprecht von Ebersdorf in 1533, who commanded two contingents of troops during the first Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529 . His grave slab has also been preserved in the castle church.
This is followed in 1555 by Ludwig Freiherr von Pollweiller and in 1557 by Christoph Sigmund Römer zu Maretsch as Commander in Mailberg. Structurally and spiritually, a visitation of the order superior in 1561 provided a sobering inventory: The church threatened to collapse, the side walls were already broken, "so that the birds flew in and out" and the parish was orphaned. The religious house was also dilapidated. The entire complex was still furnished in the medieval style with strong towers and porches and was therefore out of date and out of date in terms of military technology. Neither Regmer nor his successors Johann von Thettschau (1576) and Ludwig Colloredo (1579) had the will or the means as commander to put a stop to the decline.
At the time of the Counter Reformation , the pathetic image of the seat of the order was also reflected in the villages of the Coming. In the preparation book of an official survey from 1590 in Mailberg, 76 houses were counted, of which 60 were burned out.
Only Komtur Karl Tettauer von Tettau took on the general renovation of the order's seat from 1594. With the exception of the outer works, he had the building removed down to the foundation walls and began to restore the property in the style of a late Renaissance castle . At Mailberg Castle, two coat of arms stones on the gateway and the outer wall of the castle church are reminiscent of Tettauer von Tettau. The alliance coats of arms combine the Tettauer coat of arms and the Maltese coat of arms in the late Gothic and Renaissance styles .
17th century
It was up to Karl Tettauer von Tettau's successor, Count von Sternberg , to continue the “unfinished and asymmetrical” construction from 1609 . However, the latter only did it “over the top with a few thousand guilders” in order to open up the basic functions of the rooms. On the instructions of Grand Prior Heinrich von Logau , Sternberg was also responsible for rebuilding the castle church and the trading infrastructure of the community of Mailberg.
In 1618 the Thirty Years' War began in Bohemia . Mailberg was probably affected even then. The trade almost comes to a standstill, as can be seen from the correspondence of Komtur Karl Mosch von Moritz (from 1627) with Emperor Ferdinand II . Whether as a result of the war or mismanagement must remain unclear, at least the Coming Party can no longer pay state taxes from 1637 and was already heavily in debt in 1644.
The Coming was directly affected in 1645 by the invasion of the Swedish troops under General Lennart Torstenson , which had catastrophic consequences through looting and devastation, especially for viticulture. Due to the insolvency under Komtur Joseph Graf von Discounta, the rule of Mailberg was seized on April 30, 1650 and leased to Wenzel Freiherrn von Hegenmüller for an annual sum of 2,500 guilders .
From 1658 Frá Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch acted as Commander. He settled the accrued debts, compared himself in 1661 with the Lower Austrian estates and secured the coming ones from any additional claims by means of a "indemnity letter".
The ensemble that Tettauer had begun was largely completed around 1660. Kollonitsch had his own rectory built at the foot of the castle hill and led the baroque transformation of the castle and the church. The coat of arms of Kollonitsch with the bishop's hat over the Maltese cross is attached to the ceiling of the reception room on the first floor of the rectory . The overall impression of the comedian at the time is passed down from the well-known engraving by Georg Matthäus Vischer from 1672.
Frá Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch is known for his involvement in the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna in 1683 . He paid for the troops, set up emergency hospitals in monasteries, evacuated children from the besieged city and placed them at Mailberg Castle. Kollonitsch's grave slab is preserved in the Mailberg Castle Church .
18th century
The 18th century was still marked by the political order of absolutism and mercantilism . In the first half of the century the War of the Spanish Succession raged in the west and the Venetian-Austrian Turkish War in the southeast of the Habsburg Empire.
The congregation and the Coming Mailberg seem to have prospered at this time, albeit modestly. A drawing of the topographical ensemble from the pen of a young craftsman has been preserved from 1711.
In 1745 Anton von Colloredo-Waldsee became Komtur, who made it up to Grand Master of the Order and General Field Marshal under Empress Maria Theresa . From 1752 onwards, he initiated the reconstruction and expansion of the castle, which was unfinished at the time and has recently fallen into disrepair. The extensive Baroque transformation of the castle , the castle church, the interiors and the castle park goes back to Colloredo . The stately land register, which was preserved in 1782 and was written by Leopold Goldschmied on behalf of Colloredo, gives a good insight into the contemporary conditions of the coming. It documents the feudal rights of the "high knightly commenda and rule Mailberg" over the market and its residents , which have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages . In 1788, a major fire burned almost the entire market and the castle, resulting in years of reconstruction work.
19th century
In 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte occupied the island of Malta and suddenly withdrew the territorial base from the Order of Malta. The ideas of the Enlightenment and the ideas of the French Revolution caused a deep turning point in the order structure across Europe, which by the middle of the century lost a large part of its religious holdings in Europe and around 90 percent of its members. The Order of the Knights of Malta and its most important grand priory, that of Bohemia and Austria, initiate internal reforms that are intended to strengthen the religious and hospital base again. Reflecting on the early days of the order, the friar comes to the fore again, who devotes himself to the service of the sick, the weak and those in need, regardless of origin, race or religion.
The time of the Napoleonic Wars also affected Mailberg. But it remained a sideline for the events. In the late autumn of 1805, before the Battle of the Three Emperors near Austerlitz , French troops marched through Mailberg. In 1809, after the Battle of the Wagram , the town and castle were also spared. Mailberg was initially free from the ensuing billeting until the castle administrator invited a French officer stationed in Harras to dinner at the castle, who then decided “to take quarters in the local castle and to put 6 men cuirassiers in the village (...) and shortly the market had to get 40 men including the horses for a whole nine weeks. "
In 1827 a new pillory, manufactured in Eggenburg , was set up on the Mailberg market square as a sign of the sovereign jurisdiction . In the population, however, the call for relief and even abolition of manorial rule was loud, which in the following years negotiated with the Order of Malta for the replacement of robot and tithe by an annual amount of money. The revolutionary year of 1848 brought about the decisive turning point with the liberation of the peasants . From then on, those coming were reduced to their commanderies, forest ownership and self-managed land. In 1849 the Mailbergers refused all taxes to the coming man, also because of the bad harvest.
In 1844 Friedrich Graf Schönborn von Buchheim followed the Commander Franz Graf von Harras and Kapliz, who died in 1840, to watch. He stayed in this position until his death in 1874 and took care of the development of the community during his tenure. Count Schönborn had the Silberbauer organ, acquired by Colloredo after the fire of 1788, extensively renovated in 1851 by a Horner organ builder. In the following year, the church was whitewashed, the altarpiece renovated, the staircase to the choir built from the castle courtyard and a nativity scene purchased.
After the battle of Königgrätz in Bohemia , on July 13, 1866, first imperial dragoons marched through Mailberg. From July 23rd to August 31st, Prussian troops camped in the "Zipf on the left on the manorial property that adjoins the cellars and vineyards." Count Schönborn was followed by Count Adolf Podstazky-Lichtenstein, who was Baron Johann von Vernier-Rougemont in 1890 as Comtur Mailberg .
20th century
In 1907, Count Rudolf von Khevenhüller-Metsch , former ambassador of Austria-Hungary to France and member of the manor house in Vienna, moved into the palace. But he was replaced by Baron Freiherr Karl von Walterskirchen in 1912.
During the First World War , Mailberg Castle housed a convalescent home of the Sovereign Order of Malta with eight beds for officers. The convalescent home under the direction of Commander Walterskirchen was closed before 1917 for organizational reasons. The interwar years were affected by political unrest, economic and financial difficulties for the Coming Mailberg as the Grand Priory of Bohemia and Austria, since the Order had spent financially operators of ambulance trains and field hospitals in and until long after World War II.
Until the Nazis came to power in 1938 , the castle and property were leased. The Jewish owner of the estate, who had leased it from the Maltese in the 1930s, and the owner of a grocery store , also a Jewish family, were soon driven out of Mailberg. In the first years of National Socialist rule, the order finds itself between "adjustment and dissolution" . In particular, the Order's possessions in Austria and Bohemia, which include the Kommende Mailberg with 676 hectares of agriculture, forestry and vineyards , form the core of the dispute. In 1938 the properties were initially under provisional administration by the SA and from 1939 until the end of the war under fiduciary administration.
On April 24, 1945, the NS-Ortsgruppenleiter ordered the evacuation of the place. On May 7th, the local officials with their families and some companions left Mailberg. The tenant Lipinski, appointed by the fiduciary administration, left Mailberg at the beginning of April. Even before the Soviet troops marched in , the castle and its goods were partially looted. Only one of the original 270 head of cattle was left, and almost all of the Instructus was missing. Only half of the 16 hectares of vineyards were planted, only a quarter of the arable land was used and almost half of the total of 333 hectares of arable land was devastated. The inventory of the castle was completely destroyed and the buildings in poor condition. Two of the six Flemish tapestries that were brought from the Prague priory building to safety before the bombing in Mailberg were missing.
After the restoration of the castle, a bed and breakfast and a small museum were set up in part of the premises, which dealt with the history of the Sovereign Order of Malta and has been closed since 1996. The order is planning to reopen, in the course of which the archives of the Grand Priory of Austria will be concentrated and made accessible in Mailberg.
Todays use
The agricultural and forestry operations of the Kommende Mailberg currently encompass 440 hectares of forest and 250 hectares of agriculture, which are managed independently. 48 hectares of vineyards have been cultivated by the Lenz Moser winery since 1969 , which has been awarded the "Schlossweingut Malteser-Ritter-Orden" quality mark from the favorable terroir of Mailberg and sells it worldwide. The most important grape varieties are Grüner Veltliner (20 ha) and Blauer Zweigelt (9 ha) as well as Chardonnay , Sauvignon Blanc , Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot and Blauer Burgunder (total 19 ha), which are also vinified into Cuvée Malteser Brut sparkling wine .
The castle's former bed and breakfast was expanded into a castle hotel with 21 double rooms and suites of high categories. The knight's hall and the chimney room of the castle were adapted for weddings , seminars and events. In 2010, the renovation and expansion of the rectory began, which will be incorporated into the castle hotel with additional guest rooms.
In the vaults of the castle cellar there is now a restaurant and a vinotheque, where the wines of the castle winery and the Mailberg winegrowers' cooperative "Mailberg Valley" have been on offer since 2001 .
Since October 20, 2007, the completely renovated castle church has once again served its purpose as a religious and parish church for the village of Mailberg.
The re-establishment of the Museum of the History of the Sovereign Order of Maltese Knights, which was closed in 1996, and the establishment of an archive for the Grand Priory of Austria are planned projects, “although the financing will far exceed the own funds of the coming ones, so that a realization can only be considered step by step . "
The castle is accessible to visitors as part of guided tours and during services in the castle church.
architecture
Building history
The basic structural substance of the castle goes back to a castle of the Order of St. John from the 12th century. Today's appearance of the order castle and the parish church of St. John the Baptist can be traced back to alterations and extensions that range from the Gothic to the Renaissance and, above all, the Baroque to minor changes in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Komtur Karl Tettauer von Tettau had the building, with the exception of the medieval porch from the 2nd half of the 15th century, largely removed from 1594 to the foundation walls and rebuilt in the style of a late Renaissance castle.
Von Tettau's successor, Count von Sternberg, continued construction from 1609 and began rebuilding the castle church. From 1658 Frá Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch acted as Commander, under whose aegis the building was largely completed around 1660. Kollonitsch had his own rectory built at the foot of the castle hill.
In 1745 Anton Graf Colloredo became Komtur, who from 1752 was in charge of the renovation and expansion of the castle. The extensive Baroque transformation of the palace, the palace church, the interiors and the establishment of the palace gardens go back to Colloredo .
Mailberg Castle has existed in its current appearance since the middle of the 18th century, only the fore towers, remains of the fortification walls and the moat that surrounds the farm buildings are reminiscent of the older construction phases.
The lock
The two-storey buildings of the castle follow an irregular, pentagon- shaped floor plan. They are grouped around a large castle courtyard and two small inner courtyards in the north wing, which are separated from the main courtyard by a battlement wing dating from around 1594. The northeast wing, with supporting buttresses and a mighty round tower with a conical roof, is one of the oldest building structures. Despite recent changes from the 16th century under Commander Karl Tettauer von Tettau, the gate wing with its barrel-vaulted vestibule and Gothic seating niches is medieval. Medieval vaults have also been preserved on the ground floor of the west wing and in the basement of the south wing, where the castle's vinotheque and restaurant are today. The south wing housed the pilgrims' hospice in the eastern part , which was connected to the gallery of the church via a corridor from the 18th century and was converted into a farm building with a press house and bulk floor around 1919 .
Castle Park
The baroque garden behind the castle goes back to the building activities of Komtur Colloredo as well as the long octagonal garden pavilion on the south side, which was built on the foundations of a late Gothic tower forework. A baroque garden pavilion with a tent roof occupies an exposed position in the north-east of the palace.
Castle Church
Like most religious churches, the castle church is dedicated to St. John the Baptist and dates from the late 12th century. The church has a choir that closes straight on the outside and protrudes on the east side far beyond the rectangular floor plan of the castle. As a nave , the castle church corresponds to the usual building type of the Johanniter hospital churches. The medieval building core shows Romanesque ashlar masonry with additions of Gothic quarry stone masonry . On the southern outer wall, remains of Gothic arcades and vaulted ribs can probably be made out from around 1400.
Under Count Sternberg, the successor to Komtur Karl Tettauer von Tettau, the rebuilding of the desolate church begins in 1609, which does not appear to be completed until 1660. The baroque changes to the church from 1752 date from Anton Theodor von Colloredo's tenure. The Gothic chapels attached to the north of the church were combined to form a side aisle.
In 1761 Colloredo also donated the big bell, which was cast in the workshop of Franz Josef Scheichel in Vienna's Leopoldstadt and bears the reliefs of Maria and Joseph , St. George and Antonius . In 1769, Colloredo's successor, Count Antonius Ernestus Graf von Trautson and zu Falkenstein donated a small bell, the "Speisglocke", which broke in 1861 while it was ringing.
For undocumented reasons, Colloredo did not have a tower added to the church. The existing lower tower on the northeast corner of the original castle wall was built in 1795, where the bells still hang today.
Sacred space
From Anton Theodor von Colloredo's term of office around 1751, the interior design of the church “as a centralizing hall with pillars with double pilasters . The square-vaulted main yoke is followed by a shorter yoke with a barrel cap , with the east yoke as a choir showing a rounded apse . ” The neo-baroque ceiling paintings date from the late 19th century, most of the furnishings from the 18th century.
The Viennese sculptor Adam Pierar created the baroque high altar , which contains the relics of St. John. It is dedicated to the memory of the rescue of Grand Master Emanuel Pinto von Fonseca by his bodyguard Cassar during a revolt in 1749. The altarpiece is a work by the Viennese painter Joseph Biedermann from 1752 and represents a motif that is unique in Austria: John the Baptist stands high above the island of Malta and recommends the order's fleet to protect St. Trinity when it expires in 1571 for the naval battle of Lepanto against the Ottomans. Above the image of the church patron, stucco war trophies are attached, on which an angel sits, holding a portrait of Emanuel Pinto in his left hand.
The shrine of the late baroque canopy altar of the side apse contains an image of the Infant Jesus of Prague . The Mailberg Silberbauer organ from 1793, which was renovated in 2008, is located on the gallery. The church was renovated in 2007 and today also serves as the parish church of the parish of Mailberg.
Loretto Chapel
On the north side of the church, part of the Loretto Chapel was preserved during the renovations around 1751, where masses were still read until the end of the 18th century and later various church equipment was kept. It was restored in 1858, filled with earth two and a half meters at church level, the vaults broken through and raised. The old entrance door from the Zwinger was bricked up and two new ones, one from the side aisle of the church and the other from the castle courtyard, were opened.
Michaelskarner
The "Chapels and St. Michaels- Karner in Mailberg" donated by Frá Heinrich Graf von Schaumburg in 1346 was located under the castle church. During the renovation work in 1751, the Michaelskarner was locked. It wasn't until 1904 that this old crypt was found again by chance . It was discovered here an approximately 12 m long and 3 m high charnel , which was then resealed. Access to this lower church was still recognizable after 1945.
Individual evidence
- ^ Gerhard Stenzel : From castle to castle in Austria. With aerial photographs by Lothar Beckel. Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau Wien, 1976, ISBN 3-218-00288-5 , p. 196, Schloß Mailberg, N.Ö., with an illustration.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Hansjörg Weidenhoffer: Evidence of the architecture of the order in Austria. In: Christian Steeb, Birgit Strimitzer (Hrsg.): The Sovereign Maltese Knight Order in Austria. Leykam, 1999, p. 495 ff.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Entry about Mailberg auf Burgen-Austria accessed on September 7, 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f Coming Mailberg - Order of Malta. ( Memento of December 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ↑ a b Lenz Moser - Schlossweingut Malteser-Ritter-Orden ( Memento from December 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 11, 2011)
- ↑ a b c d Rudolf Fürnkranz: Mailberg: An Abriß der Ortsgeschichte - In the focal point of events ( Memento from October 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 7, 2011)
- ↑ a b Elisabeth Schöggl-Ernst: The archives of the Austrian comers in the State Central Archives in Prague. in: Steeb / Strimitzer (eds.), 1999, p. 528ff
- ↑ a b c Dagmar Weltin: Studies on the history of the Johanniterkommende Mailberg (PDF; 1.1 MB). Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, 2007
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Herwig Ebner: Overview of the order ownership in the former Habsburg hereditary lands from the beginnings to the early modern period. in: C.Steeb, H.Strimitzer (Ed.): 1999, p. 39 ff
- ↑ a b c Erik Hilzensauer: The order heraldry of the Maltese and Johanniter. in: Steeb / Strimitzer (eds.), 1999, p. 391ff
- ↑ a b Herwig Ebner: From the establishment of the Order of St. John to the end of the Order of the Order on Rhodes in 1522. In: C. Steeb, H. Strimitzer (Ed.): 1999, p. 13 ff.
- ^ Rudolf Fürnkranz: Mailberg: An Outline of Local History - Troubled Times ( Memento from October 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 7, 2011)
- ↑ a b c d e Rudolf Fürnkranz: Mailberg: An Outline of Local History - Suffering and Reconstruction of the Coming ( Memento of September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 8, 2011)
- ↑ a b c d e f Robert L- Dauber: Militia and defense against the Turks of the Johanniter / Maltese knights on land and on water. in: Steeb / Strimitzer (eds.), 1999, p. 495ff
- ^ Franz-Heinz Hye: Wappen in Tirol, Universitätsverlag Wagner, 2004, Volume 1, p. 179
- ↑ a b c d Rudolf Fürnkranz: Mailberg: An outline of the local history - war misery, pestilence and a new upswing. ( Memento of August 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 8, 2011)
- ↑ a b c d e f g Rudolf Fürnkranz: Mailberg: An outline of the local history - In the shadow of the coming. ( Memento of August 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 8, 2011)
- ↑ Birgit Strimitzer: The Sovereign Maltese Order of Knights in Austria from the Congress of Vienna to the turn of the century. in: Steeb / Strimitzer (eds.), 1999, p. 162 ff
- ↑ a b c Rudolf Fürnkranz: Mailberg: An Abriß der Ortsgeschichte - Ein solid Markt ( Memento from August 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 8, 2011)
- ↑ Rudolf Fürnkranz: Mailberg: An Abriß der Ortsgeschichte - Ort im Wandel ( Memento from August 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 9, 2011)
- ↑ a b c d Rudolf Fürnkranz: Mailberg: An Outline of Local History - Departure into the New Era ( Memento from August 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 9, 2011)
- ^ Gerhard Feucht: The voluntary sanitary care of the Sovereign Order of Malta Knights, Grand Priory of Bohemia-Austria in the war of 1914–1918. Vienna 2010, p. 40
- ↑ Anton F. Gantnar: The Sovereign Military Order of Knights in the Grand Priory of Bohemia and Austria from 1918 to 1937. In: Steeb / Strimitzer (ed.), 1999, p 230ff
- ^ Daniel Kapp: The Order from 1938 to 1945: Between adaptation and dissolution. in: Steeb / Strimitzer (eds.), 1999, p. 241ff
- ^ A b Ludwig Hoffmann von Rumerstein : The Sovereign Order of Malta from 1945 to the present day . In: Steeb / Strimitzer (eds.), 1999, p. 250ff
- ↑ Schloss Mailberg - Schlossweingut Malteser-Ritter-Orden ( Memento from July 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 9, 2011)
- ^ Schloss Mailberg - Schlosshotel ( Memento from September 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 9, 2011)
- ↑ Schlosshotels & Herrenhäuser: Archived copy ( Memento from December 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on October 11, 2012)
- ↑ Schloss Mailberg - Celebrations and Events at Schloss Mailberg ( Memento from August 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 9, 2011)
- ^ Schloss Mailberg - Schlossvinothek & Weinhandel ( Memento from September 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 9, 2011)
- ↑ Malteserkreuz - Newspaper of the Sovereign Maltese Knight Order: Ceremonial admission to the Order 2008 (accessed on September 9, 2011)
- ^ Schloss Mailberg - Guided Tours ( Memento from October 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed November 4, 2011)
- ^ Parish Mailberg - Order of Malta ( Memento of August 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 7, 2011)
- ^ Schloss Mailberg - parish church ( Memento from August 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on September 7, 2011)
literature
- Berthold Waldstein-Wartenberg [arr.]: History of the sovereign Order of the Knights of Malta. Exhibition in the Malteser Museum Mailberg. Series of publications of the Maltesermuseum Mailberg Volume 1, 1975
- Karl Lechner: The coming Mailberg. Series of publications of the Maltesermuseum Mailberg Volume 3, 1976
- Schlick Heinrich, Werner Lamm: 900 years of the Battle of Mailberg: Special exhibition in Mailberg Castle. Series of publications of the Maltesermuseum Mailberg Volume 7, 1982
- Leopold Auer: The Battle of Mailberg on May 12, 1082. Bundesverlag, Vienna 1976
- Christian Steeb, Birgit Strimitzer (ed.): The Sovereign Order of Maltese Knights in Austria. Leykam, 1999
- DEHIO - The Art Monuments of Austria: Lower Austria - north of the Danube , topographical monument inventory published by the Federal Monuments Office , 2003
- Rudolf Fürnkranz: Mailberg an outline of the local history; Commemorative publication on the occasion of the award of the market coat of arms by the Lower Austrian state government on October 23, 1999, Marktgemeinde Mailberg, 1999
- Rudolf Fürnkranz: Viticulture is diligent…. Mailberg from 1850 to the present. Edition Weinviertel 2005
- Dagmar Weltin: Studies on the history of the Johanniterkommende Mailberg (PDF; 1.1 MB). Diploma thesis, University of Vienna , 2007
Web links
- Castle Hotel Mailberg
- Order of Malta Austria
- Entry about Schloss Mailberg on Lower Austria-Burgen online - Institute for Reality Studies of the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times, University of Salzburg
- Entry via Schloss Mailberg on Burgen-Austria