Khevenhüller

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Coat of arms of those of Khevenhüller

The Khevenhüller are an aristocratic family based in Carinthia , which has been documented there since 1396 and had its ancestral seat at Landskron Castle .

In 1566 he was raised to the baron class . In the 16th century it was divided into the two main lines Khevenhüller-Frankenburg (1593 imperial counts ) and Khevenhüller-Hochosterwitz (1725 imperial counts and 1763 as Khevenhüller-Metsch princes , whereby the family rose to the high nobility ).

history

Knight Ulrich Khevenhüller (approx. 1430–1492) and Mrs. Anna geb. from Kellerberg. In addition, Mörtenegg Castle and the Church of St. Martin near Villach.
Renaissance epitaph with the relief of Christoph Khevenhüller and his two wives in the Khevenhüller chapel of the capital parish church of Saint Jacob the Elder. Ä. in the statutory city of Villach

The family originally came from Kevenhüll near Beilngries ( Hochstift Eichstätt , today part of Upper Bavaria ) and first appeared in a document on July 24, 1330 with Ulreich the Chevenhuelaer . It begins its uninterrupted family line in Carinthia with the city judge Hans Khevenhüller , documented in 1396; † 1425, who was also the Bishop of Bamberg at Federaun .

The rise of the Khevenhüller family in Carinthia began in 1525 with the appointment of Christoph Khevenhüller as captain of the Ortenburg near Spittal an der Drau . Christoph married the wealthy Spittal citizen daughter Elisabeth Mansdorfer ( Manndorff ). This marriage enabled him to acquire numerous properties in Upper Carinthia , including Sommeregg Castle , the Ortenburg , iron mines in Eisentratten near Gmünd , and other goods and properties, including the Aichelberg and Landskron castles . Christoph Khevenhüller converted to Protestantism .

Christoph's sons Johann (Hans), Moritz and Bartlmä continued the Khevenhüller success story from an economic and political point of view. Hans made a career at court and was finally ambassador of the Roman-German emperor to the Spanish court for 26 years. He was a chamberlain and privy councilor and was knighted by the golden fleece in 1587 . In 1593 he was raised to the rank of count, this title passed to his brother Bartlmä (1539-1613) on his death.

Hans was awarded in 1581 by Emperor Rudolf II. The lock chamber and the dominions Castle Kogl (where the Khevenhüller 1750 the Kogl Castle built) and Frankenburg (with Castle Frein ), which were pooled for "County Frankenburg". (After the temporary occupation of Upper Austria by the Bavarians from 1810 to 1816, the Khevenhüller sold the Kogl and Frankenburg dominions to the Pausing family , only Kammer remained in their possession until 1904.)

Bartlma's activities, however, remained concentrated on Carinthia. He became burgrave and spokesman for the estates . In addition, he expanded the possessions so that the Khevenhüller could be considered one of the financially strongest families in the empire. He built Velden Castle from 1585 to 1603, and in 1599 acquired the Paternion rule . From a religious point of view, as the head of the Protestants in Carinthia, he was a central figure. Moritz, on the other hand, was economically unsuccessful.

A cousin of the three brothers, Governor Georg von Khevenhüller , also a staunch Protestant, acquired Hochosterwitz Castle and Wernberg Castle in Carinthia (later supplemented by Damtschach Castle ) and expanded them to their present form. He had Annabichl Castle built for his second wife . In Villach around 1570 he built a city palace, the so-called Venetianerhaus.

In the course of the Counter-Reformation , when Emperor Ferdinand II abolished the religious freedom of the Protestant nobility, the Protestant branches of the Khevenhüller were forced to give up their Carinthian estates and in 1628, together with many other exiles , to emigrate to other countries of the empire, most of them to the evangelical free imperial city of Nuremberg , where the Khevenhüller family inherited Oberbürg Castle from another emigrant in 1637 . Paul Khevenhüller (1593–1655) was in Swedish service during the Thirty Years War; To finance the war, the Protestant Khevenhüller had lent the Swedish king 70,000 Swedish Reichstaler. After Gustav Adolf's death , the Swedish state was not able to repay the sum borrowed from Khevenhüller; Paul Khevenhüller was therefore resigned to Julita Gård in Södermanland , which was inhabited by his descendants until the 19th century. The great-grandson Nicolaus Ludwig Count of Zinzendorf and Pottendorf founded the Moravian Brethren in 1727 .

Bartlma's son, Franz Christoph von Khevenhüller , Count of Frankenburg, converted to Catholicism in 1609 and was long-standing envoy of the Viennese court in Spain. With the Annales Ferdinandei he wrote an important historical source work.

Sigmund Friedrich von Khevenhüller , from 1725 Imperial Count of Hohenosterwitz and Annapichl, Baron on Landskron and Wernberg, was Governor of Carinthia from 1698 to 1712. His son Johann Joseph von Khevenhüller-Metsch married Karolina Countess von Metsch in 1728, heir daughter of the Imperial Vice Chancellor Johann Adolf von Metsch , who died without male descendants , which is why he and his descendants have been called Khevenhüller-Metsch since 1751 . Elevated to the rank of imperial prince by Emperor Josef II in 1764 , he became first chief steward as well as state and conference minister in 1770.

The crypt of the Khevenhüller-Metsch family has been in the castle church of Hochosterwitz Castle since 1607 . At that time the parish of Villach, which had become Catholic again, refused to bury the Protestant Franz Freiherrn von Khevenhüller in the main parish church ("Villach Cathedral") . Maximilian Khevenhüller-Metsch (1919-2010) was last buried in the castle church. The line of the family residing at Schloss Riegersburg had their family crypt at Hardegg Castle ; many of the Khevenhüller graves are also located in the Schottenkirche (Vienna) .

Buildings and possessions

The castles of Landskron and Hochosterwitz in Carinthia were expanded into splendid Renaissance complexes under the Khevenhüllers, and Riegersburg Castle in Lower Austria's Waldviertel region , acquired in 1730, became a Baroque palace for Count Sigmund Friedrich and his son Prince Johann Joseph . Pellendorf Castle in Gaweinstal, owned by the family since 1753, is also a baroque building . Hardegg Castle in the Waldviertel, which has been family-owned since the middle of the 17th century , was rebuilt from 1878 by Johann-Carl von Khevenhüller , who was also known as a campaigner of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico . The nearby Fronsburg Castle had belonged to the family since 1739 and served as the administrative and court seat for the possessions in the Waldviertel.

Hochosterwitz, Niederosterwitz and Pellendorf belong to the Khevenhüller family to this day and Riegersburg, Hardegg and Fronsburg are still owned by descendants of female lines.

Coat of arms graphic by Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1903

coat of arms

The split coat of arms from 1425 shows a golden oak branch with an acorn and two leaves in black above, and a black wavy bar below in gold. On the helmet with black and gold covers a growing ibex, divided by gold and black.

Significant family members

Baron Georg von Khevenhüller , around 1560/80
Baron Franz III. Khevenhüller at the gates of Klagenfurt , around 1615

Princes of Khevenhüller-Metsch

  • Siegmund Friedrich von Khevenhüller (1666–1742), 1725 Count von Khevenhüller; ∞ I Maria Renata Countess von Thannhausen, daughter of Ignaz Graf von Thannhausen ; ∞ II Ernestina Leopoldina Countess von Orsini-Rosenberg
  • Johann Joseph (1706–1776), his son from his second marriage, 1763: 1. Prince of Khevenhüller-Metsch; ∞ Karolina Maria Augustina Countess von Metsch, daughter of Count Johann Adolf
  • Johann Sigismund Friedrich (1732–1801), his son, 2nd Prince of Khevenhüller-Metsch; ∞ I Marie Anna Susanna Princess von und zu Liechtenstein, daughter of Prince Emanuel von und zu Liechtenstein ; ∞ II Marie Josephine Henriette Barbara Countess von Strassoldo, daughter of Vincenz Graf Strassoldo
  • Karl Maria Joseph Johann Baptist Clemens (1756–1823), his son, 3rd Prince of Khevenhüller-Metsch; ∞ Therese Countess von Morzin, daughter of Karl Joseph
  • Franz Maria Johann Joseph Hermann (1762–1837), his brother, 4th Prince of Khevenhüller-Metsch; ∞ I Maria Elisabeth Countess von Kuefstein, daughter of Johann Adam; ∞ II Maria Josepha Countess von Abensperg and Traun , daughter of Otto; ∞ III Christina Countess Zichy von Zich and Vasonykeö, daughter of Karl
  • Richard Maria Johann Basil (1813–1877), his son, 5th Prince of Khevenhüller-Metsch; ∞ Antonia Maria Countess Lichnowsky , daughter of Prince Eduard
  • Johannes Franz Karl Eduard Joseph Nemesius (1839–1905) , his son, 6th Prince of Khevenhüller-Metsch; ∞ Eduardine Countess von Clam-Gallas, daughter of Eduard Clam-Gallas
  • Anton Sigismund Joseph Maria (1873–1945), his nephew, until 1918 7th Prince of Khevenhüller-Metsch; ∞ Gabriele Countess von Mensdorff-Pouilly

Heads of families since 1918:

  • Anton Sigismund Joseph Maria Khevenhüller-Metsch (1873–1945), s. O.
  • Franz Eduard Khevenhüller-Metsch (1889–1977), great-nephew of Prince Richard; ∞ Princess Anna zu Fürstenberg (1894–1928), daughter of Max Egon II. Zu Fürstenberg
  • Maximilian Khevenhüller-Metsch (born August 6, 1919 - March 24, 2010) ∞ Countess Wilhelmine Henckel von Donnersmarck (* 1932), daughter of Count Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck (1902–1991) and Countess Franziska von und zu Eltz (1905 -1997)
  • Johannes Khevenhüller-Metsch (born November 20, 1956); ∞ Donna Camilla Borghese dei Principi di Nettuno (born January 1, 1962 in Rome)

Designations

  • Klagenfurt
    • Khevenhüllerstraße, to the west of the city center, according to the family by a municipal council resolution of July 25, 1899.
    • Khevenhüller barracks - by decree of the Federal Ministry for National Defense of November 3, 1967, the Lendorf barracks, previously named after the district, was named after Field Marshal Ludwig Andreas Graf von Khevenhüller (1683–1744).
    • Infantry Regiment Graf von Khevenhüller No. 7 - 1888 named after the same Khevenhüller
  • Linz
    • Khevenhüllerstraße, 1876 after Field Marshal Ludwig Andreas Graf von Khevenhüller (1683–1744), who conquered Linz on January 24, 1742 in the War of the Austrian Succession
    • Khevenhüller Gymnasium Linz , on the street where the school moved to in 1927
    • Khevenhüller Center - Address of the Identities until 2019 in Linz, Hagenstraße 20
  • Vienna
    • Khevenhüllerstraße, 18th and 19th district, named on July 18, 1894 after Johann Joseph Graf Khevenhüller
    • Palais Khevenhüller-Metsch, in the 9th district, was built in 1858 by Prince Anton Richard Khevenhüller-Metsch

literature

Web links

Commons : Khevenhüller  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mon. boica 53, p. 336
  2. ^ The streets and squares of Klagenfurt, published by the Landeshauptstadt Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, 5th edition, Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 2019, p. 211
  3. ↑ The Khevenhullerkaserne website of Jägerbataillon 25, jgb25.at/blog, accessed April 12, 2019.
  4. ^ City history Linz> Street names stadtgeschichte.linz.at, Archive of the City of Linz, accessed April 9, 2019.
  5. ↑ Another FPÖ-related association in Villa Hagen reported diepresse.com, April 4, 2019, accessed April 9, 2019.
  6. ↑ Query street names geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at, accessed April 9, 2019.