Dešov
| Dešov | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Kraj Vysočina | ||||
| District : | Třebíč | ||||
| Area : | 2247.1184 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 59 ' N , 15 ° 42' E | ||||
| Height: | 464 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 424 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 675 33 | ||||
| License plate : | J | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: |
Moravské Budějovice - Uherčice Jemnice - Šumná |
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| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Pavel Karásek (as of 2016) | ||||
| Address: | Dešov 147 675 33 Dešov |
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| Municipality number: | 590533 | ||||
| Website : | www.desov.cz | ||||
Dešov (German Deschau , also Groß Deschau ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 13 kilometers southeast of Jemnice and belongs to the Okres Třebíč .
geography
Dešov is located on the right side above the valley of the Dešovský potok ( Deschauer Bach ) in the Dešovská pahorkatina ( Deschauer hill country ). To the east in the valley are the Starák and Vlčák ponds. To the north rises the Vykáň (502 m nm), in the northeast the Horka (521 m nm), southeast the Skalka (560 m nm) and the Suchá hora (571 m nm), in the south the Kulatý kopec (460 m nm), southwest the Lopata (465 m nm) and in the west the Petrův kopec (482 m nm). State roads II / 411 cross between Moravské Budějovice and Uherčice and II / 408 between Jemnice and Šumná in Dešov .
Neighboring towns are Velký Újezd and Kojatice in the north, Spetice, Na Čihadle, Nové Syrovice , Láz and Častohostice in the Northeast, Blížkovice , Ctidružice and Dvůr Augustov the east, Cerna Blata, Zálesí and Chvalatice the southeast, Popelná, Bítov , Zblovice and Vysočany in the south , Svobodův Mlýn, Malý Dešov and Kostníky in the southwest, Kdousov and Dobrá Voda in the west and Mladoňovice , Hornice and Třebelovice in the northwest.
history
The area was settled around 900 by Slavs who belong to the Lovatici ( Lovětici ) tribe. During this time the Vysočany and Hornice fortifications were established.
The first written mention of Dešov comes from 1345. In 1398 Velký Dešov and Malý Dešov belonged to Vladiken Vršek of Zdessova. Its seat was the fortress Zdessova, which stood on the place of house number 18 in Velký Dešov. He was followed in 1416 by Martin von Dešov, who also called himself Martin von Doubravá after his seat on the Doubravický farm near Malý Dešov. The Doubravický manor with a wooden fortress probably burned down during the Hussite Wars . In 1446 Niklas von Dešov was the owner of the estate. During the Bohemian-Hungarian War, the area was devastated again, and the village of Vosmoruby near Malý Dešov also died out. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Vladiken family of Dešov died out.
Around 1510, Lords Bítovský von Lichtenburg Velký Dešov and Malý Dešov acquired as a fief and both villages were added to their rule Bítov . To repopulate the deserted villages, they emphyteutically left land to new settlers. Eight properties were repopulated in Velký Dešov and seven in Malý Dešov. Below the two villages, the Velký rybník and Malý rybník ponds were created in the Dešovský potok valley . At the request of Heinrich Bítovský von Lichtenburg, King Ladislaus Jagiello released both villages from the fief a little later and bequeathed them to him hereditary. In the middle of the 16th century there were several ponds with a total area of 10 hectares in the corridors of Velký Dešov and Malý Dešov. In 1572, Velký Dešov and Malý Dešov were exempted from the obligation to seize .
After the Bítov branch of the Lichtenburg family ( Bítovský z Lichtenburka ) died out, the rule fell to Burian Bítovský from Lichtenburg's daughter Ludmilla in 1572, who transferred it to Wolf Strein von Schwarzenau-Hartenstein in 1576. In 1612 he sold the Bítov estate to Friedrich Jankowsky von Wlaschim ( Bedřich Jankovský z Vlašimě ). During the Thirty Years War the area was sacked and devastated by Swedish troops. In 1736 the Counts of Daun inherited the rule. In 1763 school lessons began in Velký Dešov, until 1795 the teacher from Velký Újezd taught the children in a rented room.
During the famine year of 1770, the Vöttau lordship prohibited hatching on the slopes to the left of the Deschauer Bach by decree and had them cleared. Instead of the Hutewald, less fertile fields were created on the hillside on the Znojemský Kopec in the Dubiny, Bejlí, U Doubí, Kopaniny and Svobody fields, which were divided among the Chalupners. The owners of the free fields ( Svobody ) were exempted from duties and robots for three years. On May 19, 1775, the residents of Velký Dešov and Malý Dešov refused the Vöttau domain to the robot . The leaders of the rebellion, Matěj Moltaš, Pavel and Mates Prokeš, and Matěj Šlápota were ordered to Znojmo by Znojmo district chief Kaltschmidt von Eisenberg on May 24th and taken prisoner there. At the request of Count von Daun, the district chief appeared on July 6, 1775 with two hundred men at Vöttau Castle, which, however, did not impress the rebels. On July 30th, the leaders Pavel Prokeš and Jan Šlápota were tried at Vöttau Castle and sentenced to 25 lashes; later the sentence was changed to 857 days of robot. Despite the suppression of the peasant uprising in the Vöttau rule, the rebellion spread throughout Moravia within a short time.
According to the Theresian cadastre , 2282.4 Metzen from Velký Dešov and Malý Dešov belonged to the Vöttau rule and 336 Metzen to the Kdousov rule. The Malý Dešov magical farm, which was managed jointly by both lordships, required robots to be used by 33 farmers and six half-hoofers from both villages. The oldest local seal of Malý Dešov shows a stork-like bird with the inscription DORF KLEIN DESCHAV ; the Velký Dešov seal shows a rose-like flower with the inscription DIEDINA WELKEG DESSOW . In 1779 the Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows was built. In 1795 the school house was completed.
In 1834 the village of Groß Deschau or Dešow Welky on the road from Znojmo to Jamnitz consisted of 62 houses with 458 inhabitants. There was a chapel in the village where masses were read twice a year; a school for the children from Groß Deschau and Klein Deschau as well as an inn and an official hunter's house. Parish was Groß Augezd. Until the middle of the 19th century, Groß Deschau remained subject to the allodial rule of Vöttau.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Velký Dešov / United Deschau 1849 with the district Malý Dešov a municipality in the judicial district Frain. At that time a brick factory was built. Since the school had become too small in the meantime, the former relaxation area was converted into a school in 1867; the old school then served as a poor house. In 1868 the municipality became part of the Znojmo District. In 1874 Velký Dešov was assigned to the judicial district of Mährisch Budwitz. In 1894 a volunteer fire brigade was founded in Velký Dešov . From 1896 the community belonged to the newly formed Mährisch Budwitz district. The school building was expanded in 1898 and 1908. After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated , and Velký Dešov became part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 . Malý Dešov broke away from Velký Dešov in 1919 and formed its own municipality. In 1960 the municipalities of Velký Dešov and Malý Dešov were merged into one municipality of Dešov. This was assigned to the Okres Třebíč in the same year in the course of the abolition of the Okres Moravské Budějovice. The center of Dešov was declared a village conservation area in 1995.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Dešov. Basic settlement units are Dešov (until 1960 Velký Dešov , German Groß Deschau ) and Malý Dešov ( small Deschau ). The one-layer Černá Blata also belongs to Dešov.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Malý Dešov and Velký Dešov.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Antonín Pešl (1891–1942), journalist, co-founder of the Czechoslovak Legion and resistance fighter, executed on December 22, 1942 in Berlin-Plötzensee .
Attractions
- The center of Dešov, it was declared a village conservation area in 1995 as a preserved folk architecture ensemble
- Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows in Dešov, built 1779–1781
- Wayside shrine in the garden of house no. 121 in Dešov
- Wayside shrine in the forest on the old road from Malý Dešov to Bítov
- Niche chapel on the outskirts of Dešov, on the road to Bítov
- Chapel of St. Josef on the Malý Dešov village square
- Slavonic fortress Vysočany, in honor of Jaroslav Palliardi as Palliardiho Hradisko referred, southwest of Dešov on a spur above the Želetavkatal
- Slavic fortification Hornice, west of Dešov on a spur above the Bihankatal
- Natural monument "Černá blata"
- "Suchá hora" nature reserve
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/590533/Desov
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia topographically, statistically and historically described , III. Volume: Znaimer Kreis (1837), p. 562
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/590533/Obec-Desov
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/590533/Obec-Desov