Bald coin

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The Glatzer Münze was a royal mint, which was established in 1426 by a privilege granted by the Bohemian sovereign Sigismund in the town of Glatz , which was then part of Bohemia . With the transfer of the County of Glatz to Prussia in 1763 , it also acquired sovereign rights over the Glatz mint. It was temporarily closed in 1809 and permanently in 1813.

history

The first documented Minting Privilege from Glatzer stems from 1426. It was given by the Bohemian King Sigismund to the governor of the time and later pledgee of the Glatzer country , Puta d. J. von Častolowitz granted. In 1454 the provincial administrator Georg von Podiebrad began to mint Heller in Glatz with the permission of King Ladislaus Postumus , which, however, are said to have been very insignificant. Even after the elevation of the Kłodzko Land to a county in 1459 by the now Bohemian King Georg von Podiebrad, sovereignty remained with the sovereign of Bohemia, which fell to the Habsburgs from 1526 . The right to mint also had to be reassigned each time it was pledged and awarded later.

The oldest Glatzer coins were only minted on one side. Until the end of the 15th century, they all show a Bohemian lion and a Gothic "G" for Glatz . Only then do they also bear the coat of arms of the County of Glatz with the two golden diagonal bars in the red field.

In 1501 the sons of Duke Heinrich the Elder, who died in 1498, pledged . Ä. von Münsterberg passed the County of Glatz to her future brother-in-law Ulrich von Hardegg . Emperor Maximilian I only granted him the right to mint coins in 1507. The coins minted during Ulrich's reign show on one side the coat of arms of the county and on the other the Hardegg coat of arms under which there is a small "H" for Hardegg . Presumably Count Ulrich, who was described by later researchers as an “avid co-minter of the coins of his neighbors”, wanted to emphasize the importance of his residence Glatz with the coins he minted. In 1512 he had a gold coin minted with a Madonna on the obverse and the Grafschafter coat of arms on the lapel . It is believed that this coin represents the statue of Mary from the high altar of the parish church in Glatz, known as the Miracle Madonna of Ernst von Pardubitz .

Even during the time when the Moravian nobleman Johann von Pernstein was pledged , coins were minted in Glatz, including one with a portrait of Pernstein, whose finely cut profile corresponds to the Renaissance style . Although such coin portraits were actually only due to the king, Pernstein probably wanted to indicate his reign over the Glatzer country.

From 1549, the Wittelsbacher Ernst von Bayern was pledge master of the County of Glatz. He had coins minted in Glatz that show the Bohemian lion on one side, while the other side is decorated with the coats of arms of the Palatinate , Bavaria and the County of Glatz.

In 1575 King Maximilian II transferred the right to mint coins to his cupbearer Friedrich von Falkenhain , to whom he was heavily indebted. He subsequently also acquired several chamber villages around Glatz, which Rudolf II sold to him because he needed funds to fight the Turkish wars . He kept the villages and the Glatzer coin until his death in 1612. There are no known significant coins from his time. Due to the turmoil of the Bohemian uprising , the mint was temporarily closed. It was not until 1627 by Ferdinand III. reopened and minted talers and gold coins in it again .

Because of the frequent pledging, which occasionally also interfered with the right to mint, the Glatzer coin did not acquire any great national importance. The sovereign or pawnbrokers usually did not operate the mint themselves. They often gave or pledged them to mint masters and were interested in the mint making as high a profit as possible. The coins struck in Glatz, however, are significant for numismatics and the history of the Glatz region because of their rarity .

Prussian time

After the Wroclaw mint had to cease operations during the Napoleonic occupation , there was a shortage of change . Therefore, in 1807, the Prussian government commissioned the then Governor General of Silesia , Prince Heinrich zu Pless, to set up a new mint in Glatz. Since the buildings of the former mint could no longer be used, several pieces of land in front of the bridge and water gate were bought for this purpose on June 13, 1807. The Wroclaw mint master Friedrich Wilhelm Prätorius was entrusted with the establishment and operation . Already in September d. J. the first groschen and three cruisers could be produced. From March 1809, the minting of groats, cruisers , three and six Bohemians and pieces of beer groschen and also thalers was started, whereby the shortage of divisional coins could be eliminated. After the Breslauer Mint resumed its operations, the Glatz mint was closed again. In total, change to the value of 442,484 thalers was minted during these three years.

literature

  • Franz Albert: The Glatzer coin. Archival studies on the history of minting in County Glatz. Publishing house Glatzer Bücherstube, Glatz 1932 ( Glatzer Heimatschriften 24, ZDB -ID 2520906-1 ).
  • Arno Herzig , Małgorzata Ruchniewicz : History of the Glatzer Land. DOBU-Verlag et al., Hamburg et al. 2006, ISBN 3-934632-12-2 , pp. 59–61, 65, 67 and 74.
  • The Kłodzko Mint (1807/9). In: Glatzer Heimatblätter. 12, Issue 4, 1926, ZDB -ID 550730-3 , pp. 126-127.
  • Joseph von Bergmann : The right to mint and the coins of the Counts v. Hardegg-Glatz . In: Numismatic Journal Vol. 5 (1873) pp. 154–160.

Web links

  • Ferdinand Friedensburg: Silesia coins in the Middle Ages . In: Journal for Numismatics 1882/83, p. 349 online

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Arnold, Harald Küthmann, Dirk Steinhilber: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today . Augsburg 1997, p. 220
  2. ↑ from Silesia in picture