Novosedly na Moravě

Novosedly
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Břeclav
Area :	1674 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 50 '  N , 16 ° 30'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 50 '4 "  N , 16 ° 30' 15"  E
Height:	173  m nm
Residents :	1,206 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	691 82
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Mikulov - Drnholec
Railway connection:	Břeclav – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Adam Hrůza (as of 2018)
Address:	Novosedly 1 691 82 Novosedly na Moravě
Municipality number:	584746
Website :	www.novosedly.eu

The parish church in Novosedly

Novosedly (German Neusiedl ) is a municipality in the Okres Břeclav in the Czech Republic . The South Moravian place is laid out as a longitudinal triangular tangler village.

geography

Because of the nature of the soil, the place was previously called "Neusiedl am Sand". The Dürnholzer Berge with the Alten Haide (260 m) and the Steinhaide (273 m), the Prerau Mountains in the south with the Bergried (224 m) criss-cross the municipality with vine-rich slopes. The neighboring villages are Drnholec (Dürnholz) in the north, Dobré Pole (Guttenfeld) in the east, Nový Přerov (Neu Prerau) in the south and Jevišovka (Jaispitz) in the west.

history

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The layout of the village and the ui dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The parish was founded in 1181. In 1230 the place was assigned to the Moravia Region. Neusiedl fell under the rule of Dürnholz and thus to the Falkenstein families. The patronage was until its dissolution in 1538 the monastery Rosa Coeli . During the Hussite Wars , the place was sacked in 1426. As part of the Dürnholz rule, it came to the Liechtenstein family in 1394 , who administered the place until 1848. In 1576 Neusiedl received the right to a market. In the 16th century the place name suffix "on the sand" appeared. This addition was intended to distinguish the village from Neusiedl an der Zaya in Lower Austria . In the 19th and 20th centuries, however, the addition was no longer common.

During the Thirty Years War , Neusiedl was attacked and looted by the Nikolsburg occupation.

In 1771 the place becomes an expositur and in 1785 its own parish. In the same year the cemetery was moved away from the church. In 1831 cholera claimed 72 victims, whereupon a field chapel with the scourged Savior was built on the way to Prerau. In 1856 a school building was built. Until 1918 this school had four classes. Furthermore, two more classes for the children from Neu Prerau had to be maintained in the town hall. In 1871 the Lundenburg - Znaim railway line was built and a year later a junction from Neusiedl to Laa an der Thaya was built. In 1887 a major fire raged and destroyed two thirds of the village. The weekly market has been every Tuesday since 1874, but it was later closed because the Dürnholz market was enough. Due to the Thaya regulation, the operation of the old mill (first mentioned in the land register in 1414 and later rebuilt) was discontinued. Most of the population lived from agriculture. Viticulture, which has been known for centuries, was of particular importance. Around 1900, around half of all vines were destroyed by the phylloxera plague , but the place still had a flourishing viticulture culture with more than 200 hectares. In addition to the usual small businesses, there was also a steam mill with a warehouse, a cheese dairy, a savings bank and a Brickworks. In 1883 a volunteer fire brigade was established.

After the defeat of Austria-Hungary in World War I , the place became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia . There was an increase in the influx of people of Czech nationality due to new settlers and new officials. In the Munich Agreement in 1938 the cession of the Sudeten German territories to the German Reich was determined. As a result, Neusiedl belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 .

In World War II, 106 local residents died. On April 16, 1945, part of the population fled from the advancing Soviet troops . The refugees were caught up by them at Retz and some returned to Neusiedl. After the end of the war on May 8, 1945, those territories that had been part of Germany after the Munich Agreement were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . From the end of May 1945 fled German citizens or were in "wild expulsions" over the nearby border into Austria sold . There were 13 deaths among those displaced from Novosedly. The place was repopulated. In accordance with the transfer goals of the Potsdam Agreement , all new settlers in Austria should be transferred to Germany. In spite of this, around 150 families were able to remain in Austria, the majority of them settling in Germany. Two people emigrated to the USA and Brazil and one each to Canada and Australia.

Coat of arms and seal

A place seal has been known since the 17th century. The seal shows a baroque shield surrounded by a rich wreath of flowers, which shows a two-string church with a crossed roof and a hexagonal tower lantern.

Population development

Registries have been kept since 1649. Online search via the Brno State Archives. Land registry records have been kept since 1751.

census	Houses	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year			German	Czechs	Other
1793	122	668
1836	170	599
1869	194	1,183
1880	200	1,288	1,278	9	1
1890	230	1,364	1,358	5	1
1900	246	1,343	1,334	2	7th
1910	252	1,348	1,341	3	4th
1921	288	1,427	1,309	76	42
1930	332	1,472	1,278	158	36
1939		1340

Attractions

• Parish church St. Ulrich was originally rebuilt in Gothic style in 1780 (1276)
• Rochus Chapel, the oldest building with a Marian column, end of the 17th century
• Town hall, new building 1912, with post office, community inn, hall and makeshift classrooms
• School, two-class in 1856, one teacher is booked for 1771, three-class in 1882, four-class in 1918; because of the Neuprerau children, two more classes in the town hall; Expanded in 1939, with a kindergarten, poor house and emergency hospital in 1883
• War memorial

Personalities

• Mathias Krebs (1880–1962), teacher, local history researcher.
• Karl Mayer (1923–1998), dialect poet, winner of culture prizes.

swell

• Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, teachers' association Pohrlitz Verlag, Neusiedl, p. 74.
• Vicariate General Nikolsburg: Church guide. Neusiedl, p. 19.
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Neusiedl, p. 25; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 .
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Neusiedl, p. 163 f., Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 250, 252, 406, 409, 422, 423, 431, 491, 514, 573 (Neusiedl).
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z. Neusiedl, p. 138 f., South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006.

literature

• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia. 1793, Neusiedl, page 247.
• Mayer Karl: The dialect of the village of Neusiedl.
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends. 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house.
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia. 1984, Geislingen / Steige.
• Knee Josef: Neusiedl an der Thaya. 1991.
• Alfred Schickel : History of South Moravia . Volume 2. 1918-1946. Publishing house of the South Moravian Landscape Council Geislingen / Steige, Geislingen an der Steige 1996, ISBN 3-927498-18-1 .

Web links

• Neusiedl_am_Sand in "Old postcard motifs of the South Moravian communities"
• Cultural database of displaced persons

supporting documents

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/584746/Novosedly
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
4. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
5. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
6. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
7. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Bl. IV, p. 121.
8. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine, Chapter 7, p. 262.
9. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května, 1946th
10. ↑ Ludislava Šuláková, translated by Wilhelm Jun: The problem of the deportation of Germans in the files of the Municipal People's Committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Nikolsburg: Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001 p. 45f, ISSN  0562-5262
11. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A – Z, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216.
12. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 252 (Neusiedl).
13. ↑ Brunnhilde Scheuringer: 30 years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and displaced persons in Austria, publisher: Braumüller, 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9
14. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities, 1992, Neusiedl, p. 158.
15. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 22, 2011.