Úvaly (Valtice)

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Úvaly
Úvaly does not have a coat of arms
Úvaly (Valtice) (Czech Republic)
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Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Historical part of the country : Lower Austria
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Břeclav
Municipality : Valtice
Area : 967 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 45 '  N , 16 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 44 '36 "  N , 16 ° 42' 4"  E
Height: 215  m nm
Residents : 142 (March 1, 2001)
Postal code : 691 42
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Valtice - Úvaly

Úvaly ( German Garschönthal ) is a district of the city of Valtice in the Czech Republic . It lies four kilometers west of Valtice (Feldsberg) on the border with Austria and belongs to the Okres Břeclav (Lundenburg district) .

geography

Czech neighboring towns are Sedlec (Voitelsbrunn) in the north, Hlohovec (Bischofswarth) in the north-east, (spatially separated core (main district (s)) of the city :) Valtice (Feldsberg) in the east, and the following places in Lower Austria: Schrattenberg in the south-east, Herrnbaumgarten in the south, Poysbrunn in the southwest and Steinebrunn in the west.

history

The place was first mentioned in 1269. The "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with its special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, especially in the 12/13. Century took place. The place name changed several times over the centuries. In 1269 "Garssenthal", 1386 "Garschenthal", 1422 "Garsentol" and from 1877 "Garschental" were written. From 1386 the place came into the possession of the princes of Liechtenstein . In the Hussite - the Turkish wars and the Thirty Years' War Garschönthal was repeatedly looted and burned. From 1783 there is evidence of a school in the village.

In 1834 there were 84 houses in the village. During the German-Austrian war , cholera was brought in by Prussian soldiers. 37 residents fell victim to this epidemic. The registers have been kept since 1615. Online search via the Brno State Archives. The land registers have been recorded since 1724 and are kept in Feldsberg . In 1894 a severe storm broke out over the local area and destroyed large parts of the harvest. In 1897 a volunteer fire brigade was established. Most of the inhabitants lived from agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries in South Moravia, occupying a special position. In addition to the usual small trades, there was also a Raiffeisenkassa and until 1930 a brickworks.

After the First World War and the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919, the place that had always belonged to Lower Austria and whose inhabitants were 98% inhabited by German South Moravians in 1910 became part of the new Czechoslovakia . The place got the Czech name Úvaly. As a result of the filling of civil servants and settlers, there was an increased influx of people of Czech nationality in the interwar period . In 1930 the local brickworks closed. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

Memorial stone of the Garschönthaler in Mistelbach

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 38 victims among the Garschönthalers, the community came back to Czechoslovakia. Up to 40 people, the German-Moravian population fled from the onset of post-war excesses by militant Czechs or were expelled across the border into Austria . There were 14 civilian deaths. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... not unlawful. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing, collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned in it, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German parts of the population” that remained in Czechoslovakia was explicitly required. Except for 14 people, the remaining German South Moravians were forcibly evacuated between March and October 1946 . According to Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, these transports were never properly and humanely carried out. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

In accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Protocol, the USSR demanded the resettlement of all Sudeten Germans from Austria to Germany in January 1946. Since Garschönthal belonged to Austria until 1920, 546 Garschönthalers were quickly naturalized in Austria and only 71 people were transferred to Germany.

In 1964 Úvaly was incorporated into Valtice (Feldsberg) . In 2001 the village consisted of 62 houses, in which 142 people lived.

A memorial stone was erected at the cemetery in the Lower Austrian district capital Mistelbach to commemorate the victims who died during the expulsion (see picture).

Seal and coat of arms

The oldest known seal of the rulers dates from the 16th century. A picture of the village seal or the community stamp used in the 19th century has not yet been found.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 598 598 0 0
1890 650 648 0 2
1900 706 697 5 4th
1910 657 648 3 9
1921 702 621 12 69
1930 732 630 52 50
1991 142
2001 142

Attractions

  • Branch Church of St. Stanislaus (1842) by Josef Poppelack ; before that there was a chapel by the cemetery
  • Vicarage (1920) by the architect Karl Weinbrenner built
  • Christophorus statue next to the church (2nd half of the 19th century)
  • War memorial (1920)
  • Statue of Emperor Franz Joseph I (destroyed by Czechs after World War I )

Personalities

  • Rudolf Johann Geist (1900–1957), poet and narrator

literature

  • Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, teachers' association Pohrlitz Verlag, Garschönthal p. 41
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Garschönthal: p. 10; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 .
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , Garschönthal, p.64, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: Geschichte Südmährens Vol. 3, Garschönthal: S. 222 f, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , Garschönthal, p. 87 f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/776688/Uvaly-u-Valtic
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia, 1989, p. 9
  3. ^ Friedrich Schweickhardt: Representation of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns, Volume 2, Part 4 , 1834, p. 78
  4. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 21, 2011.
  5. ↑ Austrian Society for Meteorology, Swiss Society for Geophysics: Meteorological Journal, Volume 11 , p. 428
  6. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  7. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
  8. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  9. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216
  10. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  11. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května, 1946th
  12. ↑ Ludislava Šuláková, translated by Wilhelm Jun: The problem of the deportation of Germans in the files of the Municipal People's Committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Nikolsburg: Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001 p. 45f, ISSN  0562-5262
  13. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
  14. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 ( Memento from October 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), diploma thesis on obtaining the master's degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna , 1995
  15. ↑ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodel: History of South Moravia , Volume 3 (2001), Garschönthal, S. 222f
  16. ↑ A. Kreuzer: The medieval. Feldsberg, 1971
  17. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  18. ↑ http://www.czso.cz/csu/2009edicniplan.nsf/t/010028D080/$File/13810901.pdf