Nová Ves (Pohořelice)

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Nová Ves
Coat of arms of ????
Nová Ves (Pohořelice) (Czech Republic)
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Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Brno-venkov
Municipality : Pohořelice
Geographic location : 48 ° 56 '  N , 16 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 56 '13 "  N , 16 ° 31' 40"  E
Height: 186  m nm
Residents : 326 (March 1, 2001)
Postal code : 691 23

Nová Ves ( German Mariahilf ) is a district of Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ) in Jihomoravský kraj ( South Moravia ) in the Czech Republic . It is located 15 kilometers north of the Austrian-Czech border. The place is laid out as a broad street village.

geography

Neighboring places are in the west Vlasatice ( Wostitz ), in the south Pasohlávky ( Weißstätten ), in the east Ivaň ( Eibis ) and in the north Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ).

history

The place was founded in 1701 by Prince Leopold von Dietrichstein near the village of Lenowitz, which was deserted in 1574. The village initially known as "Neue Dorf" was soon given the name "Mariahilf". The “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with its special Bavarian passwords , which was spoken until the fateful year 1945, indicates that the settlers came from Austria and southern Germany. The town registers were kept from 1701 and the land registers from 1711.

During the War of the Austrian Succession , the place was occupied and looted by Prussian and Saxon troops. During the Third Coalition War , the French occupied the village in 1805. After the battle of Austerlitz that followed soon after, a hospital for wounded French people was built in Mariahilf. During the German-Austrian war in 1866, Prussian soldiers brought cholera into the town. 16 people died of this epidemic in Mariahilf. In 1874, with the support of Countess Herberstein and the Dürnholz fund, a school was built in the village. Before that, Mariahilf's children had been to school in Wostitz. Most of the residents lived from agriculture, especially from the cultivation of various types of grain, potatoes, sugar beet and fodder beet, peas, lentils, beans and fruit. The hunt for hares, deer, pheasants and partridges was also very productive.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. Mariahilf, whose residents were 97% German Moravians in 1910, also fell to the new state. Measures followed, such as the land reform and the language regulation (1926), which resulted in an increased influx of people of Czech nationality through settlers and newly filled civil servants. The growing efforts of the Germans to achieve autonomy led to tensions within the country and further to the Munich Agreement , which regulated the cession of the Sudeten German territories to Germany. Between 1938 and 1945 the place Mariahilf belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

During the Second World War , the place suffered 32 victims. After the end (8 May 1945), the victorious powers the demand of the Czechoslovak Republic government Beneš had met and transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1938) territories, in resorting to the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919), again of Czechoslovakia assigned . Militant Czechs soon led to excesses among the local German population and, in some cases, wildly expelled them to Austria. There were four civilian deaths. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... not unlawful. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” who “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. Between March and October 1946, 285 local residents were forced to move to West Germany. 50 people remained in the place. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

In accordance with the original transfer modalities of the Potsdam Communiqué , in January 1946 the Red Army demanded the deportation of all ethnic Germans from Austria to Germany. 415 people were transferred to Germany, 52 were still able to remain in Austria. One person each emigrated to France and Sweden and three to the USA. In 2001 the village consisted of 108 houses, in which 326 people lived.

Coat of arms and seal

The first seal of the place was from the year 1705. It shows five evenly distributed settler houses above a winegrower's knife and a grape. Our Lady with the baby Jesus is depicted above the houses. A later seal from the 19th century shows the Mother of God with the baby Jesus in a romanization and underneath a winegrower's knife and a grape. In the interwar period, the seal became bilingual and after the Anschluss in 1938 the uniform imperial community seal with the imperial eagle was used.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 544 516 26th 2
1890 566 556 8th 2
1900 554 527 27 0
1910 535 523 12 0
1921 528 460 66 2
1930 545 412 141 2
1991 342
2001 326

Attractions

  • Mariahilf Church (1839)
  • War memorial plaque on the church (1926)
  • Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
  • Stone Cross (1843)

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • The Kirtag was always held on the third Sunday of October.

Say from the place

There were various myths among the German residents:

  • The place got its new name when a rider got into the marshland and called on the Virgin Mary for his rescue. After the rider was rescued, he donated a votive painting to the chapel.

literature

  • Wenzel Max (Ed.): Thayaland. Folk songs and dances from South Moravia. 2nd Edition. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1984.
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , P. 19; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , P. 132f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945–1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
  • Nová Ves - P. Marie Pomocnice chapel 1999
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: Geschichte Südmährens Vol. 3, S. 239f, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , p. 121f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  2. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  3. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  4. ↑ Elizabeth Wiskemann : Czechs and Germans ; London, 1938; P. 152
  5. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
  6. ^ Wilhelm Szegeda: Heimatkundliches Lesebuch des Schulbezirks Nikolsburg, 1935, approved teaching aid, Lehrerverein Pohrlitz Verlag, p. 131
  7. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216
  8. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  9. ↑ Mikulov Archives: Odsun Nĕmců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna, 1946
  10. ↑ William Jun / Ludislava Šuláková: The problem of Abschubs the Germans in the files of the national committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Mikulov. Verlag Maurer, Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001, p. 45, ISSN  0562-5262
  11. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  12. ↑ Brunnhilde Scheuringer: 30 years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and displaced persons in Austria, publisher: Braumüller, 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9
  13. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , Mariahilf 239, 423, 431.
  14. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Vol. IV, p. 121
  15. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848-1960 , Volume 9, 1984
  16. ↑ http://www.czso.cz/csu/2009edicniplan.nsf/t/010028D080/$File/13810901.pdf
  17. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia , 1990, p. 19