Chrudim I.

Chrudim I.
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Pardubický kraj
District :	Chrudim
Municipality :	Chrudim
Geographic location :	49 ° 57 '  N , 15 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 57 '4 "  N , 15 ° 47' 44"  E
Height:	268  m nm
Residents :	421 (2011)
Postal code :	537 01
License plate :	E.

Resselovo náměstí

Dechanteikirche of the Assumption

new town hall

Mydlář house

Chrudim I , formerly Vnitřní Město , is a district of the city of Chrudim in the Czech Republic . It includes the historic city center of Chrudim and belongs to the Okres Chrudim .

geography

Chrudim I is located on a skirmish spur on the right-hand side above a bend in the Chrudimka river on the Hrochotýnecká tabule ( Hrochow-Teinitzer Tafel ). To the northeast rise the Pumberky ( Baumberg , 300 m nm) and in the west the Skřivánky (307 m nm).

Neighboring towns are Chrudim IV in the north and west, Chrudim II in the east and Chrudim III in the south.

history

Archaeological finds show that the spur above the Chrudimka was densely populated during the Lusatian culture . During the Latène period there was a Celtic settlement which probably belonged to the hinterland of the Hradiště oppidum near České Lhotice . After the Slavic conquest, a fortified settlement emerged on the spur, probably in the 9th century, as one of the administrative centers of the early Přemyslid state . According to legend, the town was founded by Chrud, a general of Duke Hostivít . In the first book of the Chronica Boemorum , which is also based on legends , the year 945 is given as the year the Dominican monastery was founded.

The first secure mention of Chrudim took place in the Second Book of the Chronica Boemorum in connection with the death of Duke Břetislav I on January 10, 1055. The town near Chrudim Castle had its own coat of arms since 1116. King Ottokar II. Přemysl built Chrudim into a royal town before 1276 . With a few interruptions, the city was part of the treasure trove of the Queen of Bohemia from 1307 until the fall of the Imperial and Royal Monarchy . Until the outbreak of the Hussite Wars, Czechs and Germans lived peacefully in Chrudim . After the city became Hussite after 1421, the German-speaking population fled the city. The Dominican monastery with the Church of the Virgin Mary was destroyed; The criminal prison was later built on its place. The city school was built on the site of the former royal castle. The Dechanteikirche of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary has been under the patronage of the Queen of Bohemia since 1820.

In 1835 the inner city consisted of 139 houses with 1280 inhabitants. It was surrounded by partially ruined city walls, through which the upper and lower gate and three gates led. In the inner city were the Dechanteikirche Mariä Himmelfahrt, the Dechantei, the kk Kreisamt , the school, the town hall, the criminal prison with the chapel of the hll. Philip and James as well as the city brewhouse. In addition to the town and the three suburbs, the dean's district also included the villages of Kotschy , Topol , Westetz , Wltschnow , Střibřich , Markowitz , Pochobrad , Sobětuch , Worel , Bylan and part of Dřenitz . The city school taught in three classes.

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Vnitřní Město a district of the district town of Chrudim. From 1868 the district belonged to the new district Chrudim . In 1869 Vnitřní Město had 2041 inhabitants.

In 1900 lived 2154 people in the inner city, ten years later it was 1918. In 1930 Vnitřní Město had 1342 inhabitants. In the second half of the 20th century the population decline increased; The cause was the neglect of inner cities and the establishment of satellite settlements with comfortable apartments in the suburbs, which is typical of communist housing policy. In the course of the restructuring of the city of Chrudim, the district Chrudim I was created in March 1980. In 2001, only 316 people lived in the 67 houses of Chrudim I. The headquarters of the city administration and the district court are located in Chrudim I.

Local division

Chrudim I is part of the Chrudim cadastral district .

Attractions

• Market Square ( Resselovo náměstí ) with
  • Dechanteikirche Mariä Himmelfahrt, popularly called Salvatorkirche . The two-tower building, visible from afar, has been documented since 1416. It forms the eastern end of the market and has its origins in a chapel of the sovereign castle, which has been preserved in the choir. She gained fame through the miraculous image of St. Salvator from the property of councilor Johann Pfeifer, which was set up in the church for general veneration by the dean Samuel Hatasch and a pilgrimage destination in the second half of the 17th century. Originally, the two church towers Černá and Trubačka were of different shapes and heights. After the lightning strike in May 1702, in which both towers and the church roof burned out as far as the choir, the towers were brought to the same height and given onion roofs. In 1727 the parapet with 12 statues of saints in front of the church was created. The main altar is made of white and graugeflecktem Podoler marble, and there are 10 altars. In 1740 the roof of the southern tower was torn down; During the restoration, a portrait of Salvator with a halo was painted on the gable between the towers. On February 22, 1850, lightning struck the south tower again, the onion hood burned out and collapsed. During the reconstruction, both towers received low pyramid roofs until 1851. The church received its present form in 1857 when František Schmoranz rebuilt it.
  • New town hall, the former merchant's house was acquired by the mayor Jan Martini in 1846 and has served as the city's administrative center since 1850. In 1883 it was combined with the adjacent Boleslav House by the local builders Josef and František Staňkov to form one building.
  • Old town hall , it was built before 1560 on the site of a previous building from the Hussite period. The mighty vaulted cellars served as a document archive. In 1721 a baroque renovation took place, probably according to plans by Johann Blasius Santini-Aichl . After the fire of 1806 it was rebuilt by the builder Jindřich Hausknecht.
  • Plague column of the Transfiguration of the Lord, created 1719–1732
• Dechantei, built in the second half of the 17th century from the private fortune of the dean Petzold
• Mydlář House, with its galleries on two sides and a minaret-like spiral tower, it is the most important town house in the city. In 1571 the soap maker and candle maker Matěj Mydlář bought the house and had it rebuilt. In 1952 the house was renovated and a puppet museum was set up in it.
• Khomov house
• Ceregetti house
• Birthplace of Josef Ressel
• City fortifications with bastions Pardubská, Trnavá and Prachárna

literature

• Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 , part 1, p. 510

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.chrudim.eu/historie/d-1649/p1=1096
2. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe: The Kingdom of Böhmen. Statistically and topographically presented, Vol. 5 Chrudimer Kreis , Prague 1837, pp. 5-7
3. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce/409880/Chrudim-I
4. ↑ http://www.chrudim.info/historie/chrudim/index.php3?stranka=chram&lang=cz
5. ↑ http://www.chrudim.info/historie/chrudim/index.php3?stranka=novaradnice&lang=cz
6. ↑ http://www.chrudim.info/historie/chrudim/index.php3?stranka=stararadnice&lang=cz
7. ↑ http://www.chrudim.info/historie/chrudim/index.php3?stranka=morovysloup&lang=cz
8. ↑ http://www.chrudim.info/historie/chrudim/index.php3?stranka=mydlardum&lang=cz