Giant castle (noble family)

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Helmet and coat of arms

The Osek and Riesenburg (Czech. Z Rýzmburka ) were an old Bohemian noble family with roots in northern Bohemia .

origin

According to the old Bohemian chronicles, the legendary ancestor of the family was a Wssebor ( Všebor ), whose son Kojata (I.), Gaugraf in the Bilin district in northwestern Bohemia is mentioned in a document.

A descendant with the addition of the name Hrabische (old Czech hrabie , the rake, also called the little rake) is documented in 1103 as an adviser to Duke Bořivoj of Bohemia and is considered to be the progenitor of the so-called Hrabišici after the rake in the coat of arms .

The saved master sequence begins with

  • Kojata (II.), From a branch of the family of the Hrabischitz , free landlord in the Bilin district, and
  • Heralt, called Hrabisse, who fell on an Italian train near Milan in 1158.

Slaccko von Riesenburg ( Slauko the Great ), († 1226 in Ossegg), founder of the Osek (Ossegg) monastery near Bilin, was also named after the neighboring Riesenburg castle in the Ore Mountains .

coat of arms

"Quartered. 1 and 4 in green a red lion; 2 and 3 in gold a red rake raised by stakes. On the helmet with a black and gold blanket on the right and a red and gold blanket on the left, a black hat with the same cock feathers. Shield holder: two golden lionesses looking forward, carrying a red rake. "

tribe

The von Osek and Riesenburg family are related to the family of the Hrobschitzky von Hrobschitz from the parent company Hrobschitz ( Hrobčice near Bilina), whose coat of arms with the arithmetically intertwined snakes seems to be the more original and has adapted to changed times in the representational interpretation.

Differentiation from Rashin from Riesenburg

In Bohemia there was with the knights and barons Rashin von Riesenburg , another family of the primeval nobility, whose ancestral coat of arms shows a golden stirrup in blue, as a jewel five peacock feathers, whose covers were blue-gold. They come from the eponymous giant castle Rýzmburk in Eastern Bohemia , today a ruin in a district of the municipality of Schernau ( Žernov u České Skalice ) near Nachod, whose coat of arms reminds of them with the stirrup. A branch of those from Riesenburg in Eastern Bohemia was also located at Wrzesstiow Castle ( Velký Vřešťov , Bürglitz near Königgrätz) in 1348 , which was called Wrzesstiowsky von Riesenburg (Vřešťovští z Rýzmburka) and whose most famous member of the Hussite leader Alesch von Wrzesstiowsky (1380 , † June 4, 1442) was. The von Riesenburg in Eastern Bohemia became extinct from the tribe of namesake at the end of the 18th century.

The Osek and Riesenburg and the Rashin von Riesenburg were two different families who did not have a common coat of arms, but the name of Riesenburg after two castles of that name, one in the Ore Mountains in western Bohemia and one in the valley of the Aupa ( Úpa ) in East Bohemia, led. Older and more prestigious were the Osek and Riesenburg, which together with Boreš (Latin Borso , diminutive of Bořivoj ) co-founded the Ossegg monastery in 1192. He died in 1226. His son Slawek, called Slawebor (the younger) Hrabisch, died after 1209, was the progenitor of the families of the Hagek von Pertolticz, von Popowicz and von Tesmicz, who lived in the Kaurzimer district (Kouřim) , who remained in the knightly Vladiken . were located in Bohemia and all died out around the middle of the 15th century.

Family history of the Osek and Riesenburg

The Osek von Riesenburg family belonged to the wealthiest and most respected families in the 14th century, but without much political weight. If one compares the activities of the Hrabischitzer at the royal court with the social tasks of the family after 1278, it is noticeable that only Boresch III. 1293 was a member of the regional court. Two generations are not mentioned at all as members of the royal court. The family clan's wealth also suffered as a result. He finally lost Hungarian Brod and Moravian Trübau in the 1280s . King John of Luxembourg pledged this in 1327 as a down payment of the dowry of his relatives Agnes von Blankenheim to Heinrich von Leipa . Sayda belonged alternately to the Margraves of Meissen and the Bohemian Crown. The central administrative seat of the family was the city of Ossegg in northern Bohemia.

Before 1323 there were serious changes. In a letter from the same year, Johann von Luxemburg confirmed to the Osek Monastery that its assets and rights would be preserved. That meant that at that time the castle was no longer in the hands of the giant burgers, but a royal fiefdom. What remained to them as property was land in the Luditz region . However, they continued to maintain close contacts with their neighbors in the Meissen region, with whom they were also related.

After 1330 they sold other lands. Presumably they needed cash to invest in the flourishing mining industry. In the 1340s they were even more economical with their finances. The former great benefactors of the church now drafted detailed contracts in such cases. At the same time they managed to find a modus vivendi to be king. However, this did not bring them back into public life. In 1341 they still held Ossegg , Dux , Beschau , Buchau and Luditz .

In the middle of the 14th century, after 100 years of abstinence from the political stage, the Riesenburger took part in important political decisions again with Boresch V as adviser to the king and bearer of important functions. In addition, Boresch V. and his brother Slauko V. relocated and increased the family fortune. For the most part, they divided the lands in half. They tried to prevent further division or sale of the farms even after their death. For financial reasons, an ever-deteriorating economic situation and political instability at the end of the 14th century, but also because of disagreements among the descendants, her wish was not fulfilled.

The rise came to an end at the beginning of the 15th century. The giant burgers withdrew to western Bohemia, where they initially held six castles, seven towns and cities and around thirty settlements as a source of income. In Northern Bohemia is Boreš VII indebted. Boreš and XI. with the Jews Oberlin and Aser in Brüx ( Most ) so that Kojata IV. von Hrabischitz and Riesenburg later had to sell lands and settlements in order to be able to repay the loans. The reason for the debt was probably the sluggish sales of mining products.

In 1406 and in the period after that, the giant burgers in western Bohemia took part in raids and raids on merchants or royal estates beyond the borders of the neighboring Nordgau in Bavaria , which was nothing unusual in the livelihood of the impoverished nobility at that time. What is considered to be a raid today could in part have been the beginning of the religious wars with the Hussites . King Wenzel IV had Pfraumberg Castle besieged in the Chodian settlement area , humiliated the family, expropriated their possessions and left thirty robbers hanging in Prague . The rebellion against King Wenceslas IV brought the important family very down. After he had sold Ledenicz in 1419, Wilhelm Boresch fought impoverished in the battle of Lipan in 1434 in the foot soldiers of the Lords League. According to an unknown source, this Wilhelm Boresch von Riesenburg, also called "Hrabie", left a son, whose descendants are said to still live in Austria today. The family of those von Osek and Riesenburg, repeatedly cited in court for disputes over land, became impoverished, but remained a member of the gentry's class. a. with the right to freedom from red wax , and expired in the 16th century after the death of the childless Johann Boresch II. von Riesenburg in the name bearer tribe.

genealogy

  • Boresch II von Riesenburg († 1278), Supreme Marshal, and Supreme Chamberlain
    • Slauko IV, recorded from 1264 to 1272
    • Bohuslav II. († 1279), recorded from 1277 to 1279, married to Agathe von Schönburg († before 1282)
      • Boresch III. von Ossegg and Riesenburg († before 1312), proven from 1291 to 1307
        • Bohuslav III, recorded from 1314 to 1328
        • Boresch IV. († before 1349), recorded from 1320 to 1322 and 1333 to 1346
          • Boresch V. the Elder († 1385), regional judge, captain of the Bohemian Palatinate proven 1330, from 1360 to 1378, married to Sophie
            • Boresch VII the Elder (also senior , the elter ) († before 1414), proven from 1371 to 1412, married to Elisabeth von Landstein (Eliška z Landštejna)
              • Johann Boresch I., proven 1414,1428
              • Wilhelm Boresch I., proven 1418,1419
            • Boresch IX. the Younger († 1403), proven from 1387 to 1403, member of the court court, married to Anna von Colditz (Anna z Koldic)
              • Boresch XIII., Verified 1406
              • Boresch XIV., Verified 1406 to 1434
                • Boresch XV., Proven 1434, 1437 to 1456, married to Barbara von Lichtenburg
                  • Racek, proven 1437
                    • Racek, proven 1437
                  • Boresch XVI., Proven 1468
            • Boresch XI. the youngest (also the youngest ), recorded from 1393 to 1406
            • Boresch XII., Commander of St. John in Manetin , made a pilgrimage to Rhodes in 1383 (descendants uncertain)
          • Slauko V. , proven 1333 to 1385
            • Boresch VIII. Ze Štědré, recorded from 1371 to 1397, married to Agnes or Anna von Schwarzenburg
            • Boresch X. Hraba, recorded from 1384 to 1418
            • Bohuslav IV. († 1397 ), proven 1392
          • Boresch VI. the younger († before 1353), married to Katharina

Personalities

Bohuslav II of Osek and Riesenburg, † 1280

Bohuslaw II., Baron von Osek und Riesenburg († 1280) was the younger son of Boresch II. Von Riesenburg (also: Boress Freiherr von Osek and Riesenburg), († 1278 or 1279), resident on Elbkosteletz in Bohemia and owner of country estates in the Mährisch-Trübau district, which he gave to the Augustinian monastery Mariakron and the monastery Velehrad in Moravia. He was court marshal of King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, then chief chamberlain in 1252, royal Bohemian field captain in Prussia in 1255, fought the Hungarians in the Battle of Kressenbrunn in 1260 .

Bohuslaw II was a member of the Bohemian gentry and with Agathe von Schumberg from the house of those von Schönberg from Saxony, a daughter of Friedrich the Elder von Schumberg from the house of Schönberg, owner of the Bohemian crown fiefs Glauchau and from 1306 Gaugraf in Kaaden ( Kadaň ) married in the Kaadener Kreis in northwestern Bohemia.

Although the Roman-German King Rudolf von Habsburg had promised him support after the death of his father in 1278, this did not impress the Bohemian King Ottokar . Shortly afterwards, he had the Riesenburger's lands confiscated , especially in the area of Hungarian Brod . Shortly afterwards, Ottokar Přemysl fell and his successor stopped the confiscation. After Bohuslaw's death, Friedrich von Schumberg was appointed guardian of his children.

Bohuslaw II had the son Bohuslav, called Boresch (III.) (Latin Borso ), * around 1270, who was brought up by his uncle Friedrich the Younger von Schumberg, Herr auf Ossegg, on Buchau in the Luditz district and on Kostenblatt and Ledwicz in Bohemia and was a famous tournament rider. The German minstrel Ulrich von Eschenbach dedicated the eleventh book of his Alexandreis to him . The name of his wife is not known. He died in 1341. His son Bohuslav, called Boresch IV., † 1385, lord of Ossegg-Dux, Beschau (in Karlsbader) and Luditz in the Saaz district, where he particularly promoted mining, was the owner of the castle and dominion of Königswart ( Kungeswart) in the planning district and from Untersandau , where he founded the Borschengrün Castle ( Boršengrýn Castle ) around 1374 , which his son Boresch the Elder (* around 1340) sold together with Königswart in 1392. The father, Bohuslaw II., Was 1360 district judge, 1368 royal Bohemian governor in Bavaria and 1371-1378 burgrave of Eger ( Cheb ). The younger son Boresch, called the Younger (* around 1350, † 1403) sold Ossegg and Dux in 1398 and pledged the Glatzeberg ( Lisník ) rule to the Margrave of Meißen.

Borso of Riesenburg (1364-1369)

He was a professed monk in the Bohemian Cistercian monastery Ossegg (Kloster Osek) and in 1364 obtained the abbot of the Cistercian monastery Leubus in Lower Silesia by means of papal commission. He came from the old family of the Riesenburger (Hrabischitzer) in north-west Bohemia. Relatives of his also had possessions in Silesia, including a borso and a Nikolaus altarist, who were canons in Breslau.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ František Palacký : History of Bohemia, I b, 324
  2. ↑ The coats of arms of the Bohemian nobility J. Siebmacher's large coat of arms book, Volume 30, Neustadt an der Aisch 1979, ISBN 3 87947 030 8 , page 24, coat of arms on plate 20.
  3. ^ Biographical lexicon on the history of the Bohemian countries. Volume III, published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum , R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-486-564838 , page 466.
  4. ↑ IX Certificate of Emperor Sigmund 1410 / 11-1437
  5. ↑ IX Certificate of Emperor Sigmund 1410 / 11-1437
  6. ↑ Palacký, Documentary Contributions 2, No. 925, p. 431 War History of Bavaria
  7. ↑ Palacký, Documentary Contributions 2, No. 925, p. 431 War History of Bavaria
  8. ↑ DITTMANN, p. 278, HDL, fol. 59; WINTERA, p. 680, GRÜGLER, Leubus, p. 26.