Boresch V. von Riesenburg and Bečov

Boresch V. von Riesenburg (also Boresch V. the Elder , in Czech Boreš V. z Rýzmburka ) († 1385 ) was a Bohemian nobleman from the Riesenburg family and political adviser to Emperor Charles IV.

person

Probably Boresch was trained by the Cistercians in Ossegg , where he also learned the German language. He also spoke Czech, which is indicated by his later activity as court judge. Latin should not have been a stranger to him either, since he was repeatedly sent as an ambassador to negotiate with representatives of the Church. The fact that he maintained diplomatic relations with papal envoys and rulers also indicates that he was capable of intellectually demanding tasks and was probably also gifted with rhetoric. Boresch was a capable and qualified court servant and administrator loyal to the emperor. At the beginning of his career he made a name for himself as a court judge, won the emperor's trust and became his indispensable advisor. He devoted himself with great care to the development of his cities and endowed them with rights.

Political career

After about a hundred years of abstinence from the royal court, with the exception of the short stay of Boresch II von Riesenburg in 1291, the family returned to important political functions.

Since 1360, Boresch accompanied the emperor on his travels, served him as an advisor and took on important political tasks and functions. The first trip took him to Nuremberg , where he served as a witness when a contract was signed. In the same year he was appointed court judge. In 1364 Boresch stayed with the imperial court at his castle Karlštejn . In the spring of 1365 he accompanied the monarch as his advisor to Avignon and in the autumn he was present in negotiations with the papal secretary Francesco Brunin of Florence. Trips to Brno and Budin followed in late autumn . After his return there was a temporary appointment as master chamberlain.

After the death of his wife, Boresch spent even more time at the royal court. In the same year he appeared as a relator in drafting the contract for the Free City of Lübeck in Nuremberg. He organized the wedding of the niece of Emperor Elisabeth of Moravia with the Meissen Margrave Wilhelm and then traveled to Rome with Karl .

This was followed by the appointment as captain of the Bohemian Palatinate and further trips to Nuremberg to negotiate the peace with France . Again and again he edited imperial contracts, such as those of Schweinfurt , Nuremberg or Eger . At the end of 1370 he succeeded in bringing about a peace treaty with France in the name of the emperor.

In 1371 he accompanied Peter Jelito , Bishop of Leitomischl , as the emperor's ambassador to Avignon . After his return the Kaiser went on to Breslau and Görlitz .

In 1372 the imperial journey took him to Mainz . There he was given the task of keeping the area quiet, which was being attacked by robbing mercenary gangs.

In the spring of 1373 Boresch negotiated with Těma z Koldic in the imperial name with cities in Upper Swabia , traveled to the Palatinate and was appointed captain of Bavaria and Eger. In this function he published a document in which he divided up the Bohemian Palatinate. A part remained in the hands of the emperor, the rest ( Land zu Sulzbach ) was pledged to the Brandenburg margrave Otto , because the emperor needed liquid funds for further expansion. Meanwhile Boresch had to move his seat as governor to Auerbach .

In 1374 he again acted as a relator in Augsburg and accompanied the emperor to the empire in autumn. In May 1375 he took part in negotiations with the emperor about the candidacy of Albrecht von Mecklenburg for the Danish throne in Weiden .

In August 1378 Boresch was there when Karl and his son Wenzel concluded a peace treaty in Nuremberg. Boresch represented the interests of the Bohemian possessions in France and Bavaria . After this diplomatic trip and the death of the emperor, he withdrew more and more into private life. The last evidence of a public act comes from the year 1381. At that time he took part as an assessor in a hearing at the regional court.

Consolidation of assets

In the middle of the 14th century, the son of Boresch IV, together with his brother Slauko V , relocated the areas of interest from northern to western Bohemia to the Luditz and Teplá region . Their first act was the granting of city rights to the citizens of Buchau through the Treaty of Bečov . Then they sold the Saxon villages Hartmannsdorf , Ammelsdorf and "Hasilburn" (probably Haselbrunn near Plauen ) to Meissen Burgrave Meinhart, the gentleman on Frauenstein . The remaining farms in Saxony went to the Schönberg family in 1352 .

In 1354 King Charles IV granted them the right to free mining, initially for twelve years. From this point in time at the latest, besides the Riesenburg, the Bečov fortress became their second residence, from which they managed their business. At the same time, the brothers' property was separated. Boresch then sometimes used the predicate of Riesenburg and Beschau, while Slauko continued to refer to himself as Riesenburg.

The giant burgers also came back to a certain prosperity, as the patronage given to churches and newly founded settlements testify. After the property was separated, Boresch kept Buchau, Schlaggenwald , Beschau, Sangerberg and Luditz.

In 1362 they were granted customs rights for Luditz by the emperor. In the 1370s Boresch was able to expand his fortune with the emperor's fiefs Obersandau and Untersandau . In 1371 he was appointed canon in Mainz . The accumulated wealth meant that the giant burger made a name for himself again as a patron of the church. In 1372 he appeared as patron of the church in Sangerberg. In 1373 he bought the Lords of Hertenberg Königswart , in 1374 he received permission from the Emperor to tear down the ruins of Sandau and to build a new town below the Amonsgrün fortress.

In 1375 he appeared as the founder and founder of the church in Luditz and other, meanwhile defunct villages. In 1379 he bought the castle and village of Hrádek u Štědré and from this point on he probably stayed at his castle Borschengrün .

Family relationships

Boresch was married to Sophie, who died August 5, 1366 . With her he had four sons: Boresch VII. The elder († before 1414), Boresch IX. the younger († 1403), Boresch XI. the youngest and Boresch XII., Comendator of the Johanniter in Manetin .

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Ottův slovník naučný

František Palacký : Archive český

Tomáš Velímský : Hrabišici páni z Rýzmburka