St. Benno (Munich)
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Coordinates: 48 ° 9 ′ 7.6 ″ N , 11 ° 33 ′ 10.4 ″ E The Catholic parish church of St. Benno is the second Catholic parish church in Munich's Maxvorstadt with a district in Neuhausen . It is located on the western edge of Maxvorstadt and a little south of the former Munich barracks district, which stretched from Leonrodstrasse / Dachauer Strasse to Winzererstrasse . The St. Benno Church, along with the parish church of St. Anna im Lehel, is one of the most convincing neo-Romanesque sacred buildings of the 19th century.
It is also the only parish church in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising that bears the patronage of the saint and Munich city patron Benno von Meißen .
history
The steady increase in the population in Munich made the Maxvorstadt grow rapidly. As early as 1883, the growth had progressed so far that Archbishop Anton von Steichele demanded three more parish churches. To enable the construction of these three parish churches of St. Benno in Maxvorstadt , St. Paul an der Theresienwiese (inaugurated in 1906) and St. Maximilian in the Glockenbachviertel (inaugurated in 1908), the Central Church Building Society in Munich , called the Central Church Building Society , was founded should build all three churches.
In the last phase of expansion, which included the west of Maxvorstadt on the border with Neuhausen and was completed by 1900, the establishment of a new parish as the urban and spiritual center of the area, which was remote for that time and also included parts of Neuhausen, was pushed ahead. The ore caster Ferdinand von Miller (1813–1887) donated the building site in gratitude for the successful casting of Bavaria in 1850 . The young architect Leonhard Romeis was commissioned to plan the church . With great support from the Central Church Building Association and private donations and foundations from the Wittelsbach royal family (including the high altar designed as a ciborium altar by Prince Regent Luitpold ), the planning and construction of the church were advanced. The foundation stone was laid on the feast of St. Benno on June 16, 1888. After only seven years of construction, St. Benno was inaugurated on October 13, 1895 by Archbishop Antonius von Thoma.
Destroyed by air raids in 1944, the church was rebuilt true to the original between 1947 and 1953, contrary to the custom at the time ; only the frescoes have been completely lost.
Program and concept
Similar to Gabriel von Seidl for the parish church of St. Anna im Lehel, Leonhard Romeis also chose a neo-Romanesque style, which is based on the Rhenish Romanesque, in particular the imperial cathedrals. Above all, there are political reasons for this. After the establishment of the German Empire in 1871, Romanesque was seen as an architectural style that emphasizes loyalty to dynastic rule and at the same time creates a continuity with the Roman-German Empire of the Middle Ages. In this respect, it is not surprising that Romeis, who was only 34 when the foundation stone was laid, focused his studies primarily on the Rhenish Romanesque and studied architectural examples during stays in Italy, which were incorporated in St. Benno. The St. Benno Church is the beginning of a series of new neo-Romanesque church buildings, of which the parish churches of St. Anna im Lehel and St. Maximilian in Munich-Isarvorstadt should be mentioned.
St. Benno has the shape of a three-aisled basilica . The brick building clad in shell limestone with a cruciform floor plan, semicircular transepts, octagonal crossing tower with apse and access show the characteristics of the Rhenish Romanesque: a mighty west facade with five-story, 64-meter-high twin towers has the main portal with prophets on its side walls and above it the tympanum as well as two high reliefs of Saints Martin and George ; the bronze door with parables from the New Testament is based on its model on Hildesheim Cathedral ; finally, chapel extensions on the outside of the towers and the octagonal crossing tower complete the image of a cathedral of the Rhenish late Romanesque.
Furnishing
High altar
The high altar was donated by Prince Regent Luitpold and built as a ciborium altar : a square canopy supported by pillars, at the four corners a seated figure of the evangelists and their symbols (Hess), above an eight-sided dome; under the canopy the altar is designed as a reliquary, on both sides of the tabernacle bronze reliefs with Saints Benno and Korbinian ( Heinrich Waderé ) as well as the four family saints of the founder (Luitpold, Ludwig, Augusta and Theresia).
organ
After the destruction in 1944, the Maerz organ op. 352 was replaced by a new one by Anton Schwenk . In 1965 Wilhelm Stöberl expanded the organ with three manuals and pedal to 56 registers .
Disposition
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Bells
Seven bells hang in the belfry of the two towers of St. Benno Church, with the large Benno and Mary bells hanging alone in the east tower (with sundial). It only rings on high feast days and is one of the deepest bells in Munich after the anniversary bell of Old Peter and the Salvator bell of the Mariahilfkirche in der Au . The two bells, Joseph and Mary , cast in 1894 are the remainder of the original ring. The clock strikes over these two bells . Every Saturday at 3 p.m., five bells from the west tower (bells 3–7) ring in the Sunday for five minutes.
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Foundry, casting location |
Weight (kg) |
Nominal | tower |
| 1 | Benno and Maria | 1959 | Bell foundry Johann Hahn | 5600 | ges 0 | east |
| 2 | Altar sacrament | 1959 | Bell foundry Johann Hahn | 2500 | b 0 | west |
| 3 | John | 1959 | Bell foundry Johann Hahn | 1500 | of the 1st | west |
| 4th | Joseph | 1894 | Ulrich Kortler, Munich | 950 | it 1 | west |
| 5 | Maria | 1894 | Ulrich Kortler, Munich | 550 | ges 1 | west |
| 6th | Guardian Angel | 1959 | Bell foundry Johann Hahn | 400 | as 1 | west |
| 7th | Poor souls | 1959 | Bell foundry Johann Hahn | 300 | b 1 | west |
Surroundings and branch church
In front of the church is the aluminum sculpture Fish with Key by Iskender Yediler . Legend has it that Bishop Benno found the key to the Meissen Cathedral , which he had thrown into the Elbe while fleeing, in the belly of a freshly caught fish after his return.
There is also the 11.6 meter high Benno column made of red porphyry, which carries the 3 meter high bronze figure of St. Benno created in 1910.
St. Barbara in nearby Schwabing-West is the branch church of St. Benno.
literature
- Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history . DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 (DuMont documents: DuMont art travel guide).
- Josef Schenkel: The parish church of St. Benno. Munich . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1935 (series: Small art guides / churches and monasteries).
- Michael Andreas Schmid: City parish church St. Benno Munich, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2010.
