Mariahilfkirche (Munich)

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Mariahilfkirche in Munich-Au

The Catholic parish church Maria Hilf in der Au , called Mariahilfkirche, is the main parish church of the Au . It was started from 1831 to 1839 by Joseph Daniel Ohlmüller and completed by Georg Friedrich Ziebland . The landmark of the Au is considered to be a prototype of the neo-Gothic church building of the 19th century. It is one of the three “neo-Gothic siblings of Munich”, the Holy Cross Church and St. Johann Baptist , all three of which have a similar monumental brick style and are located east of the Isar .

location

The Mariahilfkirche (Mariahilfplatz 42) stands free-standing on the central square of the Au , the Mariahilfplatz .

history

Aquatint of the old (right) and new Mariahilfkirche by Albert Emil Kirchner , 1839

The Au had three churches that stood in the immediate vicinity on a central square, the lawn square (today Mariahilfplatz):

  • The Holy Cross Chapel, consecrated in 1466, was built on the spot where floods of the Isar flood in 1463 had washed ashore a field cross . The demolition took place in 1817 after the regional court complained about the ruinous condition of the chapel on June 15, 1813 and decided to demolish it on March 18, 1814. The stones that were still usable were used to build a new morgue in the newly created Auer Friedhof (later the East Cemetery ). After it was demolished, the crucifix from the Holy Cross Chapel hung on the building at Krämerstrasse 23 (today Mariahilfstrasse), where it burned to its feet in the air raids of April 25, 1944 and was recovered by Philip Arp .
  • The monastery church of St. Karl Borromeo the Paulaner was consecrated in 1625. It came about through a vow of Duke Wilhelm V , whose grandson Prince Karl Johann was terminally ill but recovered. Since the parish pastoral care was entrusted to the Paulans, the monastery church was in fact the parish church of the Au. After secularization , it served as a penitentiary church before it was badly damaged by the fire in the penitentiary in 1886 and was soon partly demolished and partly converted into a district court together with the convent building in 1902 . Today the Munich District Office is housed on the site ; the outline of the church is indicated in the inner courtyard by lighter paving stones.
  • The old Mariahilf Chapel was consecrated in 1629 during the Thirty Years' War . The chapel housed the miraculous image. In 1723 the chapel was enlarged due to the growing number of pilgrims. After secularization , the chapel served as a parish church for the Au. After the inauguration of the new Mariahilf parish church, it was demolished in 1840.

Although the new parish church is, strictly speaking, a successor to the Mariahilf chapel, the Mariahilf church is the successor to all three churches on the lawn, as it has taken on the functions of parish church, place of grace and place of pilgrimage.

After the Au had been raised to an independent town as the “suburb of Au” in 1813, the idea of ​​a representative square arose that would correspond to the ideals of urban planning of the romantic movement . King Ludwig I was also unfaithful to his ancient ideal and commissioned Joseph Daniel Ohlmüller from Bamberg to build a parish church in the "German Gothic" style, ie in the neo-Gothic style. Ohlmüller, a student of Karl von Fischer , had gained experience in the purification of Bamberg Cathedral ; but when developing a “modern” neo-Gothic style, he could hardly rely on models of his time. In addition, there are no original examples of High Gothic in the Munich area ; all of them were baroque or replaced by new baroque buildings.

So Ohlmüller used various models for the three-aisled hall church : the nave with ribbed vaults corresponds to the system of St. Martin in Landshut , the west side shows influences from French cathedral Gothic and the 93 meter high tower was designed based on the model of the Freiburg Minster . The building was made of raw brick and structured with limestone elements.

The glass paintings based on designs by Joseph Anton Fischer and Johann Schraudolph , which were carried out by Heinrich Hess and Max Emanuel Ainmiller , were also groundbreaking . Her glass picture compositions were style-defining for the Romantic era and were a direct model for the glass paintings of Cologne Cathedral of the 19th century. The portal figures were works by Ludwig Schwanthaler .

The foundation stone was laid in 1831. The church was completed in 1839 and inaugurated by Archbishop Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel . This makes the Mariahilfkirche the first neo-Gothic church building in Germany.

In the years 1926 to 1928, extensive renovation work was carried out on the tower for the first time.

Mariahilfkirche: interior

During the Second World War , during the heavy air raid on Munich on April 25, 1944, the Mariahilfkirche was destroyed except for the outer walls, only the tower held out. In 1947, the architect Georg Holzbauer submitted plans for a purist reconstruction of the old church, but these were rejected. In 1951/52 it was rebuilt according to plans by Hans Döllgast and Michael Steinbrecher . With the exception of the west tower, the external appearance has been greatly simplified, and little of Ohlmüller's original concept has been preserved. The large pointed arch windows of the church were bricked up except for narrow slits so that, contrary to the external impression, a modern church building could arise inside.

On September 13, 1953, the Mariahilfkirche was consecrated anew by Joseph Cardinal Wendel . In 1971 the spire had to be removed because the limestone had become brittle due to the fires after the air raids during the war and due to air pollution . Until 1981 the spire was poured in concrete and then rebuilt. The costs of the equivalent of 1.79 million euros were financed almost exclusively by donations from the Auer population.

Furnishing

Bells

Model of the carillon

The ringing consists of five bells , all of which were cast by Karl Czudnochowsky in Erding (sequence of strikes : Gb 0 –b 0 –des 1 –es 1 –ges 1 ) and form the second lowest pitched ringing in the city (the lowest pitch hangs in Old Peter with a keynote f 0 ). All bells are equipped with clapper catchers .

The Salvator bell, which weighs 5,650 kg, is a former exhibit of the foundryman, which was later supplemented by four more bells. The largest bell is made of euphon, a type of copper-zinc alloy, while the remaining four bells are cast from bronze. Since the middle of 2006 the bells have been provided with a clapper. Such a chime cult can be experienced almost exclusively in parts of Austria or in South Tyrol . The so-called row ringing is also used as liturgical ringing at Mariahilf.

Carillon

In early 2012, two years before the church's 175th anniversary, the Mariahilf church tower received a carillon . Under the chamber of the already existing five ringing bells, there is now a newly installed larch wood bell cage on which the 60 new carillon bells hang. The weight of the entire carillon is a good 22 tons.

The carillon has 65 bells and is the third largest in Germany after the Red Tower in Halle and the Carillon in Berlin-Tiergarten . It was inaugurated on May 1, 2012 at 5:30 p.m. with a carillon concert. Carilloneur is Peer Günther.

organ

Gallery with organ
Schmid organ from 1975

The Mariahilfkirche has a remarkable organ by Gerhard Schmid from 1975. It has 72  registers on five manuals and a pedal . The main action is purely mechanical, the stop action is electrical. In the tower are the low pedal registers Bombarde 32 'and the acoustic 64', a very rare register. In its time, this organ was a pioneer in the Munich organ landscape. The disposition is:

I RP C-g 3
Principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
octave 4 ′
Reed flute 4 ′
Little Pomeranian 2 ′
Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
octave 1'
Cymbel III 1 ⁄ 2 ′
Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
II HW C-g 3
Principal 16 ′
octave 8th'
Hollow flute 8th'
Gemshorn 8th'
Large school 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
octave 4 ′
Coupling flute 4 ′
Pointed fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
octave 2 ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Mixture VI 2 ′
Sharp cymbel III 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Trumpet 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
Trumpet 4 ′
III BW C-g 3
Pointed flute 8th'
Quintad 8th'
Willow pipe 8th'
Flute 4 ′
Chamois flute 4 ′
Principal 2 ′
Sif flute 1'
Sharp IV 1'
musette 8th'
zinc 4 ′
Tremulant
IV SW C – g 3
Dumped 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Pipe whistle 8th'
Gamba 8th'
Beat 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Swiss pipe 4 ′
Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
recorder 2 ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Seventh 1 1 ⁄ 7  ′
None 8 ⁄ 9 ′
Cornet V 8th'
Mixture V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Dulcian 16 ′
oboe 8th'
Schalmey 4 ′
Tremulant
OW C-g 3
Rohrhorn 8th'
Choral bass 4 ′
Forest flute 2 ′
Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Spanish trumpet 16 ′
Spanish trumpet 8th'
Trumpet 8th'
Spanish trumpet 4 ′
Clairon 4 ′
Singing Cornett 2 ′
Tremulant
Cimbelstern
Work can be freely coupled
Pedal C-f
Acoustic bass 64 ′
Bourdun 32 ′
Great fifth 21 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Principal 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Octave bass 8th'
Major third 6 2 ⁄ 5  ′
Flute bass 4 ′
Bombard 32 ′
trombone 16 ′

Chapel of grace with miraculous image

Chapel of Mercy

The miraculous image of Maria Hilf from the period before 1600 is located in the chapel of grace added to the south. Elector Maximilian I probably brought it with him from Flanders around 1631 . In the Ohlmüller Church it was venerated on the left side altar; after the church was destroyed, it was finally moved to the newly built Chapel of Grace. This was initially simply furnished, was given a Baroque style in 1978/79 and provided with a shrine from the former Ursuline monastery in Salzburg from 1731.

Significant works

  • Portal of the Mariahilfkirche

  • Our Lady above the entrance portal

  • The interior of the Mariahilfkirche

  • Spire from the inside

  • Carillon

  • Carillon

  • New bell in the carillon

  • View of the Dult from the tower

literature

  • Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history . Dumont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 .
  • Gabriele Schickel: Neo-Gothic church building in Munich. Comparative studies on the architecture and furnishings of the churches Maria-Hilf in der Au and Heilig-Kreuz in Giesing . Scaneg, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-89235-018-3 .
  • Diewald, Hugo Schnell: Maria Hilf. Munich . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1937 (series: Small art guides / churches and monasteries).
  • Association of the Vorstadt Au e. V. (Hrsg.): 175 years Mariahilf Church Munich-Au 1839–2014 . Booklet accompanying the exhibition “175 Years of the Mariahilfkirche”. Munich 2014, DNB  1060420511 .

Web links

Commons : Mariahilfkirche (Munich)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Association of the suburbs Au e. V. (Hrsg.): 175 years Mariahilf Church Munich-Au 1839–2014 . Booklet accompanying the exhibition “175 Years of the Mariahilfkirche”. Munich 2014, DNB  1060420511 , p. 3 .
  2. ^ Association of the suburbs Au e. V. (Hrsg.): 175 years Mariahilf Church Munich-Au 1839–2014 . Booklet accompanying the exhibition “175 Years of the Mariahilfkirche”. Munich 2014, DNB  1060420511 , p. 4-6 .
  3. ^ Association of the suburbs Au e. V. (Hrsg.): 175 years Mariahilf Church Munich-Au 1839–2014 . Booklet accompanying the exhibition “175 Years of the Mariahilfkirche”. Munich 2014, DNB  1060420511 , p. 7-9 .
  4. ^ Association of the suburbs Au e. V. (Hrsg.): 175 years Mariahilf Church Munich-Au 1839–2014 . Booklet accompanying the exhibition “175 Years of the Mariahilfkirche”. Munich 2014, DNB  1060420511 , p. 40 : "In the years 1926 to 1928 the stonemason business Oswald Herrmann, Edlingerstraße 4, carried out extensive renovation work."
  5. ^ Munich - Mariahilfkirche . In: glockenspielvereinigung.de . November 22, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  6. ^ Martin Doering: Disposition of the organ in Munich, Mariahilf Church (main organ). In: die-orgelseite.de. August 20, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2016 .
  7. ^ Association of the suburbs Au e. V. (Hrsg.): 175 years Mariahilf Church Munich-Au 1839–2014 . Booklet accompanying the exhibition “175 Years of the Mariahilfkirche”. Munich 2014, DNB  1060420511 , p. 10-13 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 31 ″  N , 11 ° 35 ′ 1 ″  E