City fire of Munich
The city fire of Munich was a major fire that broke out on February 13, 1327 and destroyed a third of the city of Munich within two days .
History and process
Before 1327 Munich consisted mainly of wooden houses that were covered with straw or shingles .
The fire broke out in the early hours of the morning in the St. Jakob am Anger monastery . It is assumed that during the morning stoking the fire a piece of burning coal beside the furnace fell. The nuns of the Order of the Poor Clares were already at the lauds and immediately after they discovered the fire began to fetch water with fire buckets . After a short time, the flames reached the neighboring house, where the Bernlochner family was making candles at the time. The supplies of wax and tow stored there ignited the fire so strongly that any further attempts to contain it failed. In the following two days, the fire was repeatedly fanned by foehn storms . The fire was out after two days. A victim of the flames, which devastated around a third of the then urban area, were among others the churches of St. Peter and Holy Spirit , the Franciscan monastery with the church, the ducal castle , the town hall and the Heilig-Geist-Spital . The entire area south and east of Rindermarkt , Marienstrasse and Dienerstrasse was in ashes. As a chronicler of the monastery, Hermann Sack reports 30 deaths from the fire.
consequences
As a result, collections were made for the homeless and their families and the citizens helped to rebuild together. After the fire, the Heiliggeistkirche was rebuilt as a Gothic three-aisled relay hall in the period up to 1392. The construction of St. Peter's Church lasted until 1365. Instead of the two towers destroyed in the fire, a central tower was built between 1377 and 1385, on which Munich's first tower clock was installed. The Munich Beer and Oktoberfest Museum is located in a house that was built as part of the city's expansion, which was expanded to 91 hectares after the fire and a second wall was added.
As a further consequence, the Fire Protection Ordinance was revised in 1342. In addition to the previous fire guards on the tower of St. Peter's Church, three more were to patrol the streets and each house always had to keep a tub of extinguishing water in stock. The ordinance, which Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian had announced in agreement with the city council , stipulated that in future all houses must be covered with bricks and that all burnt and new buildings must be made entirely of stone. Also Stadel and garden houses had a solid roof preserved. The supervision of the regulations was the sole responsibility of the city council and there was no possibility of objection to the sovereign. These regulations were monitored and also had the consequence that in Munich, unlike in most other cities, canopies and extensions had to be removed, so that there were relatively straight and wide streets there in later centuries.
Web links
- Podcast on Bayern2
swell
- ↑ Bayern 2: Das Kalenderblatt, Feuersbrunst in München (February 13, 1327) (accessed October 29, 2017)
- ↑ Bavarian Architects and Engineers Association (Ed.): Munich and its buildings . BoD - Books on Demand, 2012, p. 48/49 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
- ↑ MUNICH, HLG. GEIST on the website of the House of Bavarian History
- ↑ Information at the Forum Didacticum of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich
- ↑ Info about the museum
- ↑ Bayern 2: Das Kalenderblatt, Feuersbrunst in München (February 13, 1327) (accessed October 29, 2017)
- ^ Munich and its buildings. P. 49–51 ( limited preview in Google Book search)