Munich patrician families

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The Munich patrician families were wealthy families who held an outstanding position in Munich's city ​​politics in the Middle Ages . Members of these patrician families were often represented in the city's inner or outer council for numerous generations.

history

In the Middle Ages, Munich was not a free imperial city , but always subordinated to a city lord. Initially, it was its founder, Heinrich the Lion , from the Guelph family . In 1180 Munich fell to the Bishop of Freising . In the first half of the 13th century, the Bavarian dukes from the House of Wittelsbach prevailed over the Freising Bishop in the city rule. They were the city lords of Munich until the formation of independent political communities by the municipal edict of 1818 .

The city lord exercised his rule over a city judge. In 1239, the city judge and the citizens of Munich first documented this jointly ( Iordanus iudex universique in Monaco cives ), and in 1286 councilors of the city of Munich were named for the first time ( consules civitatis Monacensis ). From around 1300 onwards, the Munich city council was divided into an internal and an external council. The Munich patrician families played an essential role both in the Inner Council and in the Outer Council.

Munich citizenship was given up in the early modern period by many Munich patrician families in order not to lose equality with the nobility. Many patricians also entered court service. Three old Munich patrician families ( Ligsalz , Bart , Ridler ) finally achieved equality with the nobility in the dress code in 1628.

The progressive decline in the sexes led to bottlenecks in the occupation of the six seats of the patriciate in the Outer Council around 1600. In 1606, three of the twelve inner councils were provided by the Bart and Ligsalz families, in 1636 four by the Ligsalz and two by the Hörl, plus the Hörl an external council. The seat of the council was now lifelong and almost hereditary, the election of the council a matter of form. The influence of the sovereigns also grew. This shows u. a. because in 1672 the elector first awarded a hereditary patriciate diploma. Admission to the Inner Council was therefore a matter for the sovereign and not for the city. From 1635 to 1790 a total of twelve Inner Council families no longer even had a house in the city.

A justification from the City of Munich's Magistrate dated July 28, 1790 with an attack on the “failed government policy of the sovereign” led to the immediate removal of the entire “Inner” and “Outer Council”. Elector Karl Theodor had the councils brought before an “electoral special commission” and interrogated individually. The business of the city was temporarily led by an “electoral city administration commission”. In 1791, Karl Theodor reorganized the “council election regulations”. A committee of 36 “committees” elected by the guilds was to elect the “Outer Council” and together with it the “Inner Council” annually from scratch as representatives of the entire municipality. The Munich patrician families thus formally no longer played a role in the occupation of the city council.

Familys

League salt

  • Other spellings: lying salt
  • First documented mention: approx. 1272, Conrad Ligsalz travels to Rome with two other representatives of the citizenship because of the division of Munich into two parishes. Hofmark Ascholding was owned by the family as early as 1469 . Andreas Ligsalz drove bonds to the city of Antwerp, the governor of the Netherlands and the kings of Spain , England and France ultimately bankrupt in 1561. However, the Ligsalz family recovered and was ennobled in 1583. In 1739, Ferdinand Freiherr von Ligsalz zu Ascholding, the last bearer of the name, dies.
  • Coat of arms: It shows a silver diagonal bar in red, on which a slanted black arrow. The Ligsalz have the same coat of arms as the Ridler and Ligsalz families, who also come from the Munich patriciate , but with different crests . However, it is not clear whether they also have a common origin. According to tradition, the coat of arms cooperative is said to have come from an old Schrenck who married his two daughters to a Ridler and a league salt.

Rabenegger

  • Other spellings: Rabenekke, Rabeneck, Raven (s) ich, Rabeneck (h) er, Rappenegger, Rappenecker
  • First documented mentions: 1217 to 1286 as a feudal taker of Ebertshausen Castle on Tegernsee and in 1242 with Ulrich Rabeneker, citizen of Munich. 1257 with Chunrad and Siboto de Rabenekke, 1261 with Nentwich von Rabeneke (cleric) and 1276 with Heinrich von Rabenec, all citizens of Bamberg (as documentary witnesses), 1305 with Johann and Brunwart Rabenecker in Bamberg, 1309 with Heinrich Rabenegger councilor and high lord in Munich and Ulrich Chorherr zu Freising, 1328 with Kunigunde von Rabeneck, Abbess of St. Theodor in Bamberg, 1350 with Petrus Rabenecker in Bamberg, 1375 with Albrethen (Albrecht) Rabenecker von Babenberg (tax collector in Bamberg) and his wife Clara and the brothers Heinrich , Hanns and Gunther there, 1380 Margarethe as Abbess of the Poor Clares of Nuremberg , 1392 as Chancellor of the Margraves of Baden, 1377 to 1409 as chairmen of Syenbecke, 1410 with Abeke (Albrecht) the Elder. Ä. Raven (s) I and son Johannes in Umlo (Bielefeld), 1520 with Johann Rabeneck (pharmacist) from Bielefeld to Annaberg (Saxony), 1559 Gilg Rabeneck (h) he de Holevelt (Hollfeld) - with a related sideline in Regensburg - leaves his son Johann, 1570 Egidi Rabenegger at the court of Emperor Maximilian at the Reichstag in Speyer as an assistant to the noble boy court master
  • Lines: the Rabenecker von Hirschaid and Tüchersfelt zu Babenberg gt. Rabenecker von Babenberg with branches in Franconia (Rabeneck (h) er von Holevelt zu Regensburg and Rabenecker gt. Kammermeister von Stegaurach zu Nürnberg) and Westphalia (Raven (s) (e) ick von Syenbecke zu Ummeln gt. Rabeneck) - later also in Russia as hereditary honorary citizen of the Russian crown and knight of the order of St. Wladimir zu Marfino on Niederheimbach-Hohneck , Aspach and Gößweinstein and the Rabenecker from Ebertshausen zu Munichen gt. Rabenegger, sitting in the Hofmark Rabeneck zu Waldhausen, Lappach, Oberornau and Westach, with branches in Austria and Baden as Rappenegger gt. Rappenherre von Wyl and Phorzhaim zu Amtenhausen and Rappenecker zu Frauenstein - all of them from the ministeriality to the patriciate and bourgeoisie of the honest families of the Rabensteiner to Rabensteiner , Rabeneck , Kirchahorn, Adlitz, Christanz and Weiher, from Rabeneck, Hollfeld District Court (Bamberg diocese) , still in bloom today
  • Coat of arms: Black raven, armored in red, with spread wings over a silver three-mountain. Heraldic ornament: Black, red armored raven with spread wings over raven eyrie with young
  • Headquarters in Munich: "Das (inner) Rabeneck", location of today's rose pharmacy (corner of Rindermarkt / Rosenstrasse)

Ridler

  • Other spellings: Riedler
  • First documentary mention: 1295, no direct mention in a document of that year, but information as the year the Ridler-Seelhaus was founded by Heinrich I. Ridler in a document from 1497.

The Ridlers were represented on the Munich city council until the 18th century.

  • Coat of arms: It shows a silver diagonal bar in red, on which a slanted black arrow.

Schrenck

  • Other spellings: Schrench, Schrenk,
  • First documentary mention: 1269 in a document from the Scheyern Monastery, in 1295 Berchtold Schrenck is named as a member of the Munich Council
  • Lines: Schrenck von Notzing and Schrenck von Egmating
  • Coat of arms: It shows a silver diagonal bar in red, on which a slanted black arrow.

Other patrician families

Other patrician families living in Munich were:

  • Altmann , around 1360 council members
  • Aresinger , known from the Aresinger epitaph by Erasmus Grasser
  • Barth , different spelling: Part, mentioned in Munich since around 1272, raised to the nobility in 1596 as Barth zu Harmating
  • Dichtl , different spelling: Tichtel, as Dichtl von Dutzing / Tutzing belonged to Hofmark Tutzing from 1560 to 1614 and Hofmark Gauting
  • Servants , other spellings: Dyener, Dinaer, Diner, first mentioned in 1315 as city magistrate
  • Donnersberger , originally from Austria, has been a member of the Outer Council since 1556
  • Drächsel , different spelling: Drechsel, mentioned as early as 1269
  • Eßwurm , later to Ottenhofen, in the Outer Council since 1459, never in the Inner Council, but from 1501 city teacher, another in the 16th century. Treasurer of Aichach
  • Freimanner , mentioned as early as 1253
  • Gollier , first mentioned in 1269, probably extinct in 1318
  • One hundred pounds , mentioned in a document in 1310
  • Impler , involved in the so-called "Impler uprising" in 1384/85
  • Kauferinger , other spellings: Kaufringer, Kaufinger
  • Katzmair , on the Outer Council since 1318, extinction in the male line in 1533
  • Ottenhofer
  • Pötschner , extinction in the male line in 1541
  • Pütrich , other spellings: Püttrich, Pütterich, mentioned since 1189
  • Reitmor , later to Deutenhofen and Pasing, verifiable in Munich since 1462, only since 1524 in the external council and only since 1562 in the internal council
  • Rosenbusch , later to Possenhofen, Notzing , etc., were probably Franconian ministerials, with Hans Rosenbusch since 1411 as Stadtwund- und Personal physician, then city clerk in Munich, 1484 externally and from 1500 on the inner council
  • Rudolf , mentioned as early as 1237
  • Rushaimer
  • Sharp
  • Schluder , mentioned since 1271
  • Sentlinger , other spellings: Sentilinger, Sendlinger, since approx. 1170, extinction in the male line in 1475
  • Tömlinger , extinction in the male line in 1475
  • Tulbeck , extinction in the male line in 1476
  • Weiler , later to Garatshausen, since 1489 in the council
  • Wilbrecht , extinction in the male line in 1526/48

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl von Vogel: Brief Chronicle of Ascholding , Munich 1847, Verlag Franz ( Online )
  2. ↑ Otto Hupp : Munich Calendar 1918. Page 29
  3. ↑ See A. Weißthanner: The Traditions of the Schäftlarn Monastery 760-1305, Sources and Discussions on Bavarian History, Volume 10, Part 1, Munich 1953, p. 443.
  4. ↑ See Hans von Voltelini / F. Huter: Die Südtiroler Notariats-Imbreviaturen des 13th Century, Volume 1, Innsbruck. Ferdinandeum. Historical Commission, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Historical Commission, Innsbruck 1973, p. 234.
  5. ↑ See H. Kunstmann: The castles of eastern Franconian Switzerland, publications by the Society for Franconian History, Volume 20, Society for Franconian History (ed.), Würzburg 1965, p. 64; J. Pfanner, District of Pegnitz, Historical Book of Place Names of Bavaria, Volume 2, Commission for Bavarian State History (Ed.), Munich 1965, p. 43.
  6. ↑ See B. Schimmelpfennig: Bamberg in the Middle Ages - settlement areas and population until 1370, Husum 1964.
  7. ↑ cf. OV: Upper Bavarian Archive for Fatherland History, Volume 31, Historischer Verein von Oberbayern (Ed.), Munich 1871, p. 223; A. Weisthanner: The tradition of the Schäftlarn monastery, sources and discussions on Bavarian history, Volume 10, Bavarian Academy of Sciences - Commission for Bavarian State History (Hrsg.), Munich 1953, p. 443 u. 622.
  8. ↑ cf. OV, report on the existence and work of the Historisches Verein zu Bamberg, Historischer Verein Bamberg (ed.), Volume 11, Bamberg 1848, p. 47; RM von Stillfried-Alcantara / T. Märcker: Monumenta Zollerana - document book on the history of the House of Hohenzollern, Berlin 1866, p. 96.
  9. ↑ Cf. OV: Mitteilungen des Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg, Vol. 68-69, Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg (Ed.), Nürnberg 1981, p. 158.
  10. ↑ JGF Pflüger: History of the city of Pforzheim, Pforzheim 1861, p 85
  11. ↑ Cf. F. Reinhardt: Contributions to the local history of Ummeln, Ummeln 1961, p. 8f .; 800 years Ummeln ( Memento from March 31, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ See R. Bretschneider / H. zum Spreckel: Contributions to the history of the Annaberger Löwenapotheke, Annaberg 1930, p. 19f.
  13. ↑ See H. Kunstmann, s. 64f.
  14. ↑ Cf. M. Lanzinner: Der Reichstag zu Speyer 1570, Holy Roman Empire, Volume 2, Göttingen 1988, p. 994.
  15. ↑ Cf. M. Fuhr / H. Straeter / A. Allroggen-Bedel: Who wants to be the keeper of the river? 40 Castles and palaces on the Middle Rhine - a guide, castles, palaces, antiquities Rhineland-Palatinate, State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Rhineland-Palatinate, Regensburg 2002, p. 34
  16. ↑ Manor in the knightly canton of Steigerwald. See GP Höns: Lexicon Topographicum des Fränkischen Craises, Frankfurt and Leipzig 1747, p. 2; Handbook of larger property in Bavaria, 1907, p. 433.
  17. ↑ See H. Kunstmann, p. 31.
  18. ↑ See A. von Schaden, Topographisch-Statistisches Handbuch for the Isarkkreis in the Kingdom of Baiern, Munich 1825, p. 386.
  19. ↑ Cf. A. Schimon: The nobility of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, Böhmisch Leipa 1859, p. 131.
  20. ↑ See JB Rietstab: Armorial General, Republished with new Preface, Additions and Corrections from the Societé de Sauvegarde Historique, Reprint 2, Baltimore 2003, p. 512.
  21. ↑ cf. OV: Upper Bavarian Archive for Fatherland History, Volume 31, Historischer Verein von Oberbayern (Ed.), Munich 1871, p. 223; A. Burgmaier: House Book of the City of Munich, Volume 4, City Archives Munich, Munich 1966, p. 221.
  22. ↑ http://www.ed-wappen.de/otten-hi.html

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