Heilig-Geist-Spital (Munich)

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Heilig-Geist-Kirche and Heilig-Geist-Spital based on the Sandtner city model
Foundation of the Heilig-Geist-Spital on the ceiling fresco of the Heilig-Geist-Kirche (Asam Brothers, 1727)
Demolition of the women's shelter of the Heiliggeistspital, painting by Joseph Resch , 1885

The Heilig-Geist-Spital was an important institution for the care of beneficiaries and the sick in Munich .

history

According to tradition, the hospital was brought into being in 1208 by a foundation of Duke Ludwig I ("Ludwig der Kelheimer") and run by the independent brotherhood of the Holy Spirit . In 1250 the hospital buildings were protected by Pope Innocent IV and thus withdrawn from secular jurisdiction. This is the first written mention of the hospital. In 1271 the hospital was raised to an independent parish.

In addition to a Katherinenkapelle, the later Heilig-Geist-Kirche , the Munich Heilig-Geist-Spital also included a brewery, mills, a bath, a Pfistererei, a smithy, bread and meat banks, cloth merchants' shops as well as numerous farm buildings, houses, courtyards and forests and lands.

In 1301 the hospital acquired the Schwaige Hesselohe, which was only renamed Großhesselohe at the beginning of the 19th century , and then in 1308 the Chastel estate and the associated forest box , which subsequently became known as the Heiliggeistwald. In 1327 the hospital was destroyed in a big city ​​fire and in 1330 the Order of the Holy Spirit left the city. The hospital came under the administration of the city of Munich. In 1376 the dukes awarded Stephan III. and Johann II granted the hospital unlimited tax exemption.

Around 1451, in addition to the sick, orphans, foundlings and mentally handicapped children were admitted and cared for in the hospital for the first time. In 1589 a delivery room for unmarried women was set up, which in 1782 became the center of state midwifery training in Bavaria as a delivery center .

In 1806 the hospital assets were nationalized as part of the secularization . The administration of the hospital passed from the city of Munich to the Kingdom of Bavaria until 1817 . A year later the Viktualienmarkt was moved from the market square to the courtyard of the Heilig-Geist-Spital. In the following years the hospital buildings were demolished. In 1808 the Schwaige Großhesselohe was also sold.

In 1907 a new old people's home was built on Dom-Pedro-Platz , which was considered a model building for care for the elderly. During the Third Reich , the retirement home was temporarily renamed the Neuhausen retirement home , but was renamed the Heilig Geist retirement home again after the end of the war . 2006–2009 the old people's home was temporarily closed due to extensive modernization work.

A memorial plaque in the southern entrance area of ​​the Heilig-Geist-Kirche has been commemorating the hospital since 1909 .

Church and chapel

The hospital chapel was first mentioned by name as the Catherine chapel in 1286. In 1392 the Holy Spirit Church was completed after ten years of construction. The church was consecrated in 1731 in a baroque style.

Commercial enterprises

The Heilig-Geist-Spital also had its own business operations, especially in the south of Munich, e.g. B. For over 500 years the 'Schwaige Großhesselohe' in the Großhesseloher Feld (1301–1808).

literature

  • Volker D. Larurell: Folk culture in Munich. Munich 1997, p. 368.

Web links

Commons : Heilig-Geist-Spital  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files