Solar theory
The theory of solar construction is an architectural theory that the court councilor and personal physician Bernhard Christoph Faust from Bückeburg propagated from around 1824.
Core theorem of Faust's solar system
“To the sun: at right angles after noon, all people's houses should face their front main sides. [...] All the houses facing the midday sun, to the highest - the highest should be the goal of man forever - built houses, more long than deep, have lawns with flowers and bushes (no trees), 30 to 50 or more Foot deep; and at the back courtyards, 60, 100, and several feet deep, with courtyard buildings separated from the house and at the end of the courtyard. Newly built and laid out cities and places - in a healthy landscape; not on mountains; also not easily on or below its northern slope; not directly next to rivers, polluting, desecrating ( from Hazzi ), also driving away the fish; and, wherever possible, higher than all flood lines of neighboring rivers - cities and towns have their sun place in the middle with their midday line [...] "
Teaching
The theory of solar construction requires that not every building site is used arbitrarily by the individual, because
"Experience has taught that individuals, left to their own devices, are not even able to keep a straight building line, which our mostly crooked, hunched and ugly cities, markets and villages bear witness to."
The fronts of the houses should not face the street, but rather “friendly lawns, true to the midday sun”.
Further demands:
“All private and public buildings are heated by heated air; Introduction of movable and odorless doors; the use of fireproof beams, iron roof trusses with metal roofing, especially in public and city buildings; the protection of all buildings by lightning rods; the construction of dry underground grain pits; improved furnishing of the stables in the Brabant way, or Swiss stalls for manure preparation; Appropriate installation of all fertilizer sites, which are never to be allowed on public streets and squares first; the drainage of the waters in cities, markets and villages, as much as possible in underground channels; all roads perfectly paved and paved. "
“Newly built and laid out cities and places - in a healthy landscape; not on mountains; also not easily on or on their northern slope; not directly next to rivers, polluting, defiling them, also driving away the fish; and, wherever possible, higher than all flood lines of neighboring rivers. Cities and places have their sun place in the middle with its midday line, to which sun place four main streets lead. The houses are in rows, the front and back sides are parallel, as are the front and back sides of the lawns, the houses and courtyards of the row. Everything must have light and air, space and freedom, and, whether of order and peace, be straight and at right angles. "
“The streets from east to west, from north to south, the driveway in the middle not higher than right and Mark Adam taught, arched; with footpath. Large squares with temples, monuments and public buildings, fountains and market places, playgrounds with bushes and trees for the children, all squares surrounded by wide streets; Water pipes that spring into every home the source of life; Canals under the streets so that they last, the earth and everything that is on it be dry and the rainwater of the streets (no so-called rubbish, everything that belongs as gold, as Joseph von Hazzi says, to fertilizer, to the earth nourish, turn into a garden) drain; that it is said to the inhabitants of these houses, places and cities as from the blessed: 'They know their sun and their stars'. "
Gustav Vorherr posed the question in the magazine Allgemeine Anzeiger der Deutschen of August 5, 1826:
"How long will it be before the teaching already given by Socrates , 'put people's homes in the midday sun', is followed everywhere?"
He is referring to the dialogue between Socrates and Aristippus handed down by Xenophon (JM Heinzes translation of 1784), in which it says:
“ Whoever wants a house as it should be, must make sure that it is as pleasant to live in and as comfortable as possible. If you admit that, it will be cool in summer and warm in winter. If that is also correct, the sun must shine into the noon rooms of the house in winter, but in summer it must go over us and over our roof and create shade. Consequently, if that is so good, you will build higher around noon so that the winter sun has free access, but lower towards the north so that the cold winds do not hit it.
In short, the house where one finds the most pleasant refuge in every season and the safest place to stay for everything, that is, the most pleasant and most beautiful apartment.
Then I showed her the rooms intended for the people so nicely arranged that they are shaded in summer but well sunlit in winter, and I showed her the whole apartment, as it is raised towards noon, so that it goes without saying that it has a lot of sun in winter but a lot of shade in summer. "
It is mentioned that on July 14, 1824 King Max Joseph of Bavaria issued an order for the Isar district to align the buildings with the sun.
The Bavarian King Ludwig I is mentioned because he set an example and had his current apartment built in a noble style with the main side facing the sun . What is meant is the royal building of the Munich Residence . In the Monthly Gazette for Building and State Beautification No. 7 from July 1826, Gustav Vorherr once again asked for solar construction. He refers to the first part of the selected writings by Heinrich Zschokke (Aarau 1825 pp. 128–130).
They include the author's observation that in shady areas of Switzerland there are more cretins , that is, crippled, nerve-lean and goiters to be found. This knowledge also led him to demand general exercise therapy and regular tanning with his indoor gymnastics , which, as was proven sixty years later, is essential for the formation of the vital vitamin D.
literature
- B. Ch. Faust: Allusions about building houses and cities to the sun, Hahn'sche Hofbuchhandlung, Hanover 1829
- B. Ch. Faust: All people's houses should be directed towards the sun after noon. Fragments printed as handwriting
- B. Ch. Faust: Contribution to the building industry, Bückeburg 1830
Footnotes
- ↑ Corn clubs, corn houses, corn papers . A letter to H. Baumeister Geinitz zu Altenburg from Hofrath Dr. Fist. In: Allgemeine Anzeiger der Deutschen , Gotha December 30, 1824. Sp. 4136 books.google ; see also Journal der practical Heilkunde , edited by Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland and Emil Osann . Berlin October 1825, p. 106 f. books.google
- ↑ Col. 2319 books.google
- ↑ Xenophon's Socratic Memories , p. 240 f. books.google
- ↑ Arnd Krüger : History of movement therapy. In: Preventive Medicine . Springer loose leaf collection, Heidelberg 1999, 07.06, 1–22.