Gaston d'Audiffret-Pasquier
Edme Armand Gaston duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier (born October 20, 1823 in Paris as Comte d'Audiffret , † June 4, 1905 in Paris) was a French politician. He was the first Senate President of the Third Republic .
life and work
Origin, family and early career
Edme Armand Gaston d'Audiffret was the son of Count (Comte) Florimond Louis d'Audiffret, a high tax officer, and of Zoé Pasquier, niece and heiress of statesman Étienne-Denis, duc Pasquier . He adopted his great-nephew, and with Pasquier's death in 1862, his duke title passed to Gaston d'Audiffret, who became Duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier .
In 1845 Gaston d'Audiffret accepted a post in the Conseil d'État , where he received a promotion after the February Revolution of 1848 . Also in 1845 he married Jenny-Marie Fontenilliat, the daughter of the banker Henry Fontenilliat and sister-in-law of Auguste Casimir-Perier , Interior Minister under Adolphe Thiers .
In the Second Empire kept away from important political offices, he was nevertheless a member of the General Council of the Orne department and mayor of Saint-Christophe-le-Jajolet in the same department where he owned a castle, the Château de Sassy .
Member of the National Assembly
In by-elections in January 1866 and regular parliamentary elections in 1869, he ran in vain for a seat in the Corps législatif , the lower house of parliament. Only after the fall of the emperor was he successful in the elections to the National Assembly in 1871 and entered parliament with 60,226 of the 65,515 votes cast. On May 22nd, 1872, he gave a speech in front of him, in which he sharply lashed out at the official abuse of power and the embezzlement of funds under the Empire. The meeting then decided to print Audiffret's speech and display it in all parishes in the country, making him one of the most famous political speakers of his time.
As a supporter of the constitutional monarchy , he actively contributed to the overthrow of President Adolphe Thiers and, after his resignation in 1873, tried to unite the monarchist forces to restore the kingdom. However, these efforts failed because of the rigid demeanor of the Count of Chambord . On November 20, 1873, Audiffret therefore voted to extend the term of office of Thiers' successor, Patrice de Mac-Mahon, to seven years.
As a result, he found himself exposed to hostility from the supporters of the empire as well as from the ultra-conservative monarchists, who accused him of the failure of the Restoration. Henceforth he also sought the moderate left as an ally for a government majority.
In December 1874, he became vice president of the congregation. In 1875 he refused to accept a ministerial post in Prime Minister Louis-Joseph Buffet's cabinet because he had been denied the interior department.
On March 15 of the same year, 1875, he became chairman of the National Assembly. In his opening speech, he expressed his special appreciation for the parliamentary system of government and described freedom as the best guarantee for security and order.
When the National Assembly on January 30, 1875 accepted Henri Wallon's proposal to establish a Third Republic with a seven-year president, which cemented the republican form of government, he voted against. However, he agreed to the subsequent constitutional amendments to establish the Third Republic (February 1875).
Senator in the Third Republic
In the election of the senators for life (Sénateurs inamovibles) by the Chamber of Deputies on December 9, 1875, he was elected in the first ballot. On March 13, 1876, he was elected the first President of the Senate of the Third Republic and remained in this position until 1879, when his political camp lost the Senate majority.
As President of the Senate, in the crisis surrounding the Gaëtan de Rochebouët government in 1877, he campaigned for a concession to the republican forces and intervened with President Mac-Mahon, whereupon he finally dismissed Rouchebouët and reinstated his republican predecessor Jules Dufaure as Prime Minister and with the Entrusted formation of government.
In the further course of his work in the Senate, Audiffret-Pasquier continued to take an active part in the debates in the House; he always voted with the monarchist right.
Gaston d'Audiffret-Pasquier died on June 4, 1905 in Paris.
honors and awards
In 1878 he was elected to succeed Félix Dupanloup in the Académie française ( armchair 16 ). For political reasons he was preferred to the writer Charles Leconte de Lisle , although he had not published any literary works .
Works
- Mémoires du Chancelier Pasquier , 6 volumes, Paris 1895–1897 ( full texts on Gallica ).
literature
- Adolphe Robert, Edgar Bourloton, Gaston Cougny: Dictionnaire des Parlementaires français . Vol. I, A-Cai. Bourloton, Paris 1889, p. 113–114 ( digitized on Gallica ).
- Jean Jolly: Dictionnaire des Parlementaires français . 1960/1977
- Audiffret-Pasquier, Edmé Armand Gaston . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 2 : Andros - Austria . London 1910, p. 897 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
Web links
- Literature by and about Gaston d'Audiffret-Pasquier in the SUDOC catalog (Association of French University Libraries)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Le duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier, premier Président du Sénat de la IIIème République. French Senate , accessed September 25, 2016 (French).
- ↑ a b c d Anciens sénateurs IIIème République: d'Audiffret-Pasquier Edme. French Senate , September 25, 2016, accessed on September 25, 2016 (French, with biographical information from Robert & Cougny and Jolly, see section "Literature" above).
- ↑ a b La Commission des Neuf . In: Le Monde illustré . 17th year, no. 864 . Paris November 1, 1873, p. 283-285 ( digitized on Gallica ).
- ↑ Audiffret-Pasquier, Edmé Armand Gaston . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 2 : Andros - Austria . London 1910, p. 897 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
- ^ Edme-Armand-Gaston d'Audiffret-Pasquier. Académie française , accessed on September 27, 2016 (French, short biography and list of works).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Audiffret-Pasquier, Gaston d ' |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Audiffret-Pasquier, Edme Armand Gaston duc d '; Audiffret, Comte d '(maiden name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 20, 1823 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 4, 1905 |
| Place of death | Paris |