List of heads of state 1823

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Africa

Egypt
- Viceroy: Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)

Ethiopia
- Kaiser : Gigar (1821–1826, 1830)

Burundi
- King: Ntare IV. Rugamba (approx. 1796 – approx. 1850)

Dahomey
- King: Gézo (1818-1856)

Morocco
- Sultan of the Alawid dynasty: Mulai Abd ar-Rahman (1822-1859)

Rwanda
- King: Mutara II , King of Rwanda (1802-1853)

Tunisia
- Sultan of the Husainid dynasty: Mahmud Bey (1814–1824)

America

North America

Mexico
- Ruler: Emperor Agustín I (1822–19 March 1823)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President James Monroe (1817–1825)

Central America

Haiti (controversial)
- Head of State and Government: President Jean-Pierre Boyer (1818–1843)

Central American Confederation (from July 1st)
- Costa Rica : Chairman of the Supreme Government Junta Manuel Alvarado e Hidalgo (1823-1824)
- El Salvador :?
- Guatemala :?
- Honduras :?
- Nicaragua :?

South America

Brazil (controversial)
- Ruler: Emperor Peter I (October 12, 1822–1831)

Chile
- Head of State and Government:
  1. Chief Executive Bernardo O'Higgins (1817–28 January 1823)
  2. Chairman of the government junta Agustín Eyzaguirre (January 28 - March 29, 1823)
  3. (temporarily) Ramón Freire y Serrano (April 4 - August 13, 1823)
  4. Chief Executive Officer Diego José Benavente (August 13 - September 1, 1823)
  5. Chief Director Ramón Freire (September 1, 1823–1826)

Greater Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Francisco de Paula Santander (1819–1827, 1832–1837 )

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: Consul Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1814–1840)

Peru (controversial)
- Head of State and Government:
  1. Chairman of the government junta José de La Mar (1822-27 February 1823)
  2. (provisional) José Bernardo de Tagle Portocarrero (February 27 - February 28, 1823)
  3. President José de la Riva Agüero (February 28 - June 23, 1823)
  4. President Antonio José de Sucre (June 23-July 17, 1823)
  5. Chief Envoy José Bernardo de Tagle Portocarrero (July 17, 1823–1824)
- Viceroy : José de la Serna e Hinojosa (1821–1824)

Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
- Head of state and government: no central government in function until 1826, only local juntas or caudillos

Asia

Abu Dhabi
- Sheikh:
  - Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (1818–1833)
  - Tahnun bin Shakhbut (1818–1833)

Afghanistan
- King:
  1. Ayub Shah (1819-1823)
  2. Habibollah Shah (1823)

China
- Qing Dynasty Emperor : Dao Guang (1821–1850)

Khiva
- Khan: Muhammad Rahim I (1806-1825)

Japan
- Emperor : Ninkō (1817–1846)
- Shogun ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ienari (1786–1837)

Korea ( Joseon )
- King : Sunjo (1800–1834)

Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
- Shah : Fath Ali (1797–1834)

Thailand
- King : Rama II (1809-1824)

Australia and Oceania

Hawaii
- King: Kamehameha II (Liholiho) (1819–1824)

Europe

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - King of France : Louis XVIII. (1814-1824)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Bernat Francés y Caballero (1817–1824)

Denmark
- King : Friedrich VI. (1808–1839) (1808–1814 King of Norway)

German Confederation
- Austria
  - Emperor : Franz I (1804-1835)
- Prussia
  - King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797-1840)
- Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
  - Duke : Alexius Friedrich Christian (1796–1834) until 1807 Prince
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
  - Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
- Principality of Anhalt-Köthen :
  - Duke : Ferdinand Friedrich (1818–1830)
- to bathe
  - Grand Duke : Ludwig I (1818–1830)
- Bavaria
  - King : Maximilian I (1799–1825) elector until 1805

France
- King : Louis XVIII. (1814-1824)

Italian states
- Papal States
  - Pope :
    1. Pius VII (1800-1810) (1815-1823)
    2. Leo XII. (1823-1829)
- Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
  - King : Franz (1815–1835)
- Lucca
  - Duchess: Maria Luisa (1815-1824)
- Massa and Carrara
  - Duchess : Maria Beatrice (1790–1829)
- Modena and Reggio
  - Duke : Francis IV (1814–1846)
- Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
  - Duchess : Marie-Louise (1814–1847)
- San Marino
  - Capitani Reggenti : Mariano Begni , Giovanni Malpeli (October 1, 1822– April 1, 1823)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Giuseppe Mercuri , Marino Lonfernini (April 1 - October 1, 1823)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Francesco Maria Belluzzi , Filippo Filippi (October 1, 1823-1824)
- Sardinia
  - King : Karl Felix (1821–1831)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
  - King : Ferdinand I (1816–1825)
- Tuscany
  - Grand Duke : Ferdinand III. (1790-1801) (1814-1824)

Krakow
- Mayor:?

Monaco
- Prince : Honoré V. (1819–1841)

Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar I. Petrović-Njegoš (1782–1830)

Netherlands
- Ruler: King Wilhelm I (1815–1840)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan: Mahmud II. (1808–1839)

Portugal
- King : John VI. (1816–1826) (1792–1816 Regent of Portugal, 1815–1816 Regent of Brazil, 1816–1822 King of Brazil)

Russia
- Emperor : Alexander I (1801-1825)

Sweden
- King : Karl XIV. Johann (1818–1844) (1818–1844 King of Norway)

Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Miloš Obrenović (1817–1839, 1858–1860 )

Spain
- King : Ferdinand VII ( 1808 , 1813–1833)

Hungary
- King : Franz I (1792–1835) (1792–1806 Emperor, 1792–1835 King of Bohemia, 1815–1835 King of Lombardy-Veneto, 1792–1797 and 1799–1800 Duke of Milan, 1792–1804 Archduke of Austria, 1804–1835 Emperor of Austria)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: King George IV (1820–1830) (1811–1820 Regent, 1820–1830 King of Hanover)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1812–1827)

Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Grigore IV. Ghica (1822–1828)