List of heads of state 1818

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Africa

• Egypt
  • Viceroy and Ottoman Pasha: Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor : Egwala Seyon (1801–1818)
  • Emperor: Joas II (1818–1821)

• Burundi
  • King: Ntare IV. Rugamba (approx. 1796 – approx. 1850)

• Dahomey
  • King: Adandozan (1797–1818)
  • King: Gézo (1818-1856)

• Morocco ( Alawid Dynasty)
  • Sultan: Mulai Sulaiman (1792–1822)

• Rwanda
  • King: Mutara II (1802-1853)

• Tunisia ( Husainid dynasty)
  • Sultan: Mahmud Bey (1814-1824)

America

North America

• Mexico (controversial)
  • Viceroy Juan Ruiz de Apodaca (1816–1821)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President James Monroe (1817–1825)

Central America

• Haiti (controversial)
  • Ruler: King Heinrich I (1806–1820)

South America

• Brazil
  • King John VI (1816-1822)

• Chile (controversial until February 12)
  • Head of State and Government: Chief Executive Bernardo O'Higgins (1817–1823)

• New Granada (controversial, today Colombia )
  • 1. Viceroy Francisco Montalvo y Ambulodi (1816–1818)
    2. Viceroy Juan de Sámano (1818–1819)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: Consul Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1814–1840)

• Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
  • Head of State and Government: Chief Director Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (1816–1819)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State or Government:?

• Viceroyalty of Peru
  • Viceroy : Joaquín de la Pezuela (1816–1821)

Asia

• Abu Dhabi
  • Sheikh: Muhammad bin Shakhbut (1816-1818)
  • Sheikh: Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (1818–1833)
  • Sheikh: Tahnun bin Shakhbut (1818–1833)

• Afghanistan
  • King: Mahmud Shah (1809-1818)
  • Sultan: Sultan Ali Shah (1818–1819)

• China ( Qing Dynasty )
  • Emperor: Jia Qing (1796-1820)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Ninkō (1817–1846)
  • Shogun ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ienari (1786–1837)

• Korea ( Joseon )
  • King : Sunjo (1800–1834)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
  • Shah : Fath Ali (1797–1834)

• Thailand
  • King : Rama II (1809-1824)

Australia and Oceania

• Hawaii
  • King: Kamehameha I (1795–1819)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • King of France : Louis XVIII. (1814-1824)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Bernat Francés y Caballero (1817–1824)

• Denmark
  • King : Friedrich VI. (1808–1839) (1808–1814 King of Norway)

• German Confederation
  • Austria
    • Emperor : Franz I (1804-1835)
  • Prussia
    • King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797-1840)
  • Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
    • Duke : Alexius Friedrich Christian (1796–1834) until 1807 Prince
  • Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
    • Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
  • Principality of Anhalt-Köthen :
    • Duke : Ludwig August (1812-1818)
    • Duke: Ferdinand Friedrich (1818–1830)
  • to bathe
    • Grand Duke : Karl Ludwig Friedrich (1811–1818)
    • Grand Duke: Ludwig I (1818–1830)
  • Bavaria
    • King : Maximilian I (1799–1825) elector until 1805
  • Braunschweig
    • Duke : Charles II (1815–1831)
  • Bremen
    • Mayor : Georg Gröning (1814–1821)
    • Mayor: Christian Hermann Schöne (1817–1821)
    • Mayor: Arnold Dietrich Tidemann (1818–1821)
  • Frankfurt
    • Senior Mayor : Georg Steitz (1818)
  • Hamburg
    • Mayor : Friedrich von Graffen ( 1801–1811 ) (1813–1820)
    • Mayor: Wilhelm Amsinck ( 1802–1811 ) (1813–1831)
    • Mayor: Johann Arnold Heise ( 1807–1811 ) (1813–1834)
    • Mayor: Christian Matthias Schröder (1816–1821)
  • Hanover (personalunionwith Great Britain 1815–1837)
    • King : George III. (1815-1820) (incapacitated under the reign)
    • Regent: Georg August Friedrich (1815-1830) (King from 1820)
  • Hessen-Darmstadt
    • Grand Duke : Ludwig I (1790–1830) until 1806 landgrave
  • Hessen-Homburg (joins the German Confederation on July 7, 1817)
    • Landgrave : Friedrich V (1751-1820)
  • Hessen-Kassel
    • Elector: Wilhelm I ( 1785–1806 ) (1815–1821) until 1803 Landgrave
  • Hohenzollern-Hechingen
    • Prince : Friedrich (1810–1838)
  • Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
    • Prince : Anton Aloys (1785–1831)
  • Holstein and Lauenburg (personal union with Denmark 1815–1864)
    • Duke: Friedrich VI. (1815-1839)
  • Liechtenstein
    • Prince : Johann I. Josef (1805–1836)
  • lip
    • Prince : Leopold II (1802–1851) under guardianship
    • Regent: Princess Pauline zur Lippe (1802-1820)
  • Lübeck
    • Mayor : Johann Caspar Lindenberg ,
    • Mayor: Johann Matthaeus Tesdorpf (1806) (1813–1824)
    • Mayor: Christian Adolph Overbeck (1814–1821)
    • Mayor: Stephan Hinrich Behncke
  • Luxembourg (personal union with the Netherlands 1815–1890)
    • Grand Duke : Wilhelm I (1815–1840)
  • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz I (1785–1837) until 1815 Duke
  • Mecklenburg-Strelitz
    • Grand Duke : Georg (1816–1860)
  • Nassau :
    • Duke : Wilhelm I (1816–1839)
  • Oldenburg
    • Grand Duke : Peter Friedrich Wilhelm (1785–1823) (incapacitated under guardianship) until 1815 Duke
    • Prince Regent: Peter Friedrich Ludwig ( 1785–1810 ) (1815–1829) Grand Duke from 1823
  • Reuss older line :
    • Prince : Heinrich XIX. (1817-1836)
  • Reuss-Ebersdorf
    • Prince: Heinrich LI. (1797–1822) until 1806 Count
  • Reuss-Lobenstein
    • Prince: Heinrich LIV. (1805-1824)
  • Reuss-Schleiz
    • Prince: Heinrich XLII. (1784-1818) until 1806 Count
    • Prince: Heinrich LXII. (1818-1848)
  • Saxony
    • King : Friedrich August I (1763–1827) until 1806 elector
  • Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
    • Duke : Ernst I (1806-1826)
  • Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
    • Duke : August (1804–1822)
  • Saxony-Hildburghausen
    • Duke : Friedrich (1780–1826)
  • Saxony-Meiningen
    • Duke : Bernhard II (1803–1866) under guardianship
    • Regent: Louise Eleonore von Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1803–1822)
  • Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    • Grand Duke : Carl August (1758–1828) until 1815 Duke
  • Schaumburg-Lippe
    • Prince : Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860) until 1807 Count
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    • Prince : Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    • Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl I (1794–1835)
  • Waldeck-Pyrmont
    • Prince : George II (1813–1845)
  • Württemberg
    • King : Wilhelm I (1816–1864)

• France
  • King : Louis XVIII. (1814-1824)

• Italian states
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Pius VII (1800–1810) (1815–1823)
  • Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
    • King : Franz (1815–1835)
  • Lucca
    • Duchess: Maria Luisa (1815-1824)
  • Massa and Carrara
    • Duchess : Maria Beatrice (1790–1829)
  • Modena and Reggio
    • Duke : Francis IV (1814–1846)
  • Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
    • Duchess : Marie-Louise (1814–1847)
  • Sardinia
    • King : Victor Emanuel I (1802–1821)
  • San Marino
    • Capitani Reggenti : Federico Gozi , Vincenzo Belzoppi (October 1, 1817– April 1, 1818)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Giuliano Malpeli , Livio Casali (April 1, 1818– October 1, 1818)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Mariano Begni , Giovanni Malpeli (October 1, 1818– April 1, 1819)
  • Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (formed from Naples and Sicily on December 8th)
    • King : Ferdinand I (1816–1825)
  • Tuscany
    • Grand Duke : Ferdinand III. (1790-1801) (1814-1824)

• Krakow
  • Mayor:?

• Monaco
  • Prince : Honoré IV. (1814-1819)

• Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar I. Petrović-Njegoš (1782–1830)

• Netherlands
  • Ruler: King Wilhelm I (1815–1840)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan: Mahmud II. (1808–1839)

• Portugal
  • King : John VI. (1816–1826) (1792–1816 Regent of Portugal, 1815–1816 Regent of Brazil, 1816–1822 King of Brazil)

• Russia
  • Emperor : Alexander I (1801-1825)

• Sweden
  • King : Charles XIII. (1809–1818) (1814–1818 King of Norway)
  • King: Karl XIV. Johann (1818–1844) (1818–1844 King of Norway)

• Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince : Miloš Obrenović (1817–1839, 1858–1860 )

• Spain
  • King : Ferdinand VII ( 1808 , 1813–1833)

• Hungary
  • King : Franz I (1792–1835) (1792–1806 Emperor, 1792–1835 King of Bohemia, 1815–1835 King of Lombardy-Veneto, 1792–1797 and 1799–1800 Duke of Milan, 1792–1804 Archduke of Austria, 1804–1835 Emperor of Austria)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State:
    • King George III (1801–1820, incapacitated since 1811) (1760–1801 King of Great Britain and Ireland, 1760–1806 Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, 1814–1820 King of Hanover)
    • Regent: Georg, Prince of Wales (1811–1820) (1820–1830 King of the United Kingdom, 1820–1830 King of Hanover)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1812–1827)

• Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
  • Prince : Ioannis Georgios Karatzas (1812–1818)
  • Prince: Alexandru Sutu ( 1802, 1806 , 1818–1821) (1801–1802 Prince of Moldova)