Sunjo

Sunjo 23rd King of the Joseon Dynasty
Spelling of names
Hangeul	순조
Hanja	純 祖
Revised Romanization	Sunjo
McCune-Reischauer	Sunjo
Reign
Reign of	1800
Reign until	1834
predecessor	King Jeongjo
successor	King Heonjong
Life dates
Born on the	July 29, 1790
place of birth	Hanseong , Joseon
Birth Name	이공
Hanja	李 玜
Revised Romanization	Yi Hong
McCune-Reischauer	Yi Hong
father	King Jeongjo
mother	Su of the Bannam Park clan
Death dates
Died on	December 13, 1834
Place of death	Hanseong , Joseon
tomb	Illeung tomb
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s)	Queen Sunwon and one other lady of the court
Sons	Prince Hyomyeong (Yi Yeong) and another son whose name is unknown
Daughters	Princess Myeongon Princess Bokon Princess Deokon Princess Yeongon

Sunjo ( Korean : 순조 ) (born July 29, 1790 in Hanseong , Joseon ; † December 13, 1834 ibid) was during his reign from 1800 to 1834 the 23rd king of the Joseon Dynasty ( 조선 왕조 ) (1392-1910) in Korea .

Life

Yi Hong ( 이홍 ), as King Sunjo was called when he was born, was the second son of King Jeongjo ( 정조 ) and son of his concubine Su of the Bannam Park Clan. Yi Hong was ten years old when his father died in 1800 and he was crowned king. Queen Jeongsun ( 정순 ), second wife of King Yeongjo ( 영조 ), who died in 1776, took over the government. She was responsible for persecuting Christians in Joseon in 1801 and killing numerous Catholic priests. The persecution stopped when the Kim clan family from Andong ( 안동 ), of which King Sunjo's wife, Queen Sunwon ( 순원 ) was born, gained power and influence at the court. In particular, Sunjo's father-in-law Kim Sosun ( 김소순 ) gained such political influence that he was able to place numerous close relatives in central government positions during his 30 years of political activity. With this, the influence of the officials of the Yangban ( 양반 ), who until then had influenced the government and administration as an upper class, increasingly declined. As a result of the political ties with the Kim family clan, corruption spread in Joseon, which the king had little to counter.

King Sunjo died in 1834 and was buried in the royal tomb of Illeung, which was relocated to Sungangwon, northeast of Seoul, in 1855 and eight years later was given a new place within the place under Feng Shui aspects.

From Sejon's third daughter, Princess Deokon ( 덕온 ), 68 documents have come down to us that show that writing in Hangeul ( 한글 ) was very common in the royal family of those days.

literature

• Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Cambridge, Massachusetts 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English).
• Hiyoul Kim : Korean History . In: Heinrich P. Kelz (Hrsg.): Languages ​​and language learning . tape 204 . Asgard-Verlag, St. Augustin 2004, ISBN 3-537-82040-2 .
• Sun Joo Kim : Marginality and Subversion in Korea: The Hong Kyŏngnae Rebellion of 1812 . University of Washington Press , Washington 2007, ISBN 978-0-295-98684-5 (English).
• Han Young Woo : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 2 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-092-4 (English).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Han : Joseon Era . 2010, p.  308 .
2. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  247 .
3. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  240 .
4. ↑ Kim, H .: Korean History . 2004, p.  166 .
5. ↑ Kim, S .: Marginality and Subversion in Korea: The Hong Kyŏngnae Rebellion of 1812 . 2007, p.  217 .
6. ↑ Kim, H .: Korean History . 2004, p.  172 .
7. ↑ Chai-Shin Yu : The New History of Korean Civilization . iUniverse , Bloomington, Illinois 2012, ISBN 978-1-4620-5559-3 , pp.  184 (English).
8. ↑ Royal Tombs - Hwigyeongwon Royal Tomb, Namyangju . Cultural Heritage Administration , accessed March 17, 2019 .  
9. ↑ In Eun-byel : Writings by load princess of Joseon return home . In: The Korea Herald . January 21, 2019, accessed March 17, 2019 .