Hyojong

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Hyojong
17th King of the Joseon Dynasty

King Hyojong's grave site
King Hyojong's grave site
Spelling of names
Hangeul 효종
Hanja 孝宗
Revised Romanization Hyojong
McCune-Reischauer Hyojong
Reign
Reign of May 13, 1649
Reign until June 23, 1659
predecessor King Injo
successor King Hyeonjong
Life dates
Born on the July 3, 1619
place of birth Hanseong
Birth Name 이호
Hanja 李 淏
Revised Romanization Yi Ho
McCune-Reischauer Yi Ho
father King Injo
mother Queen Inryeol
Death dates
Died on June 23, 1659
Place of death Hanseong
tomb Yeoju , Gyeonggi-do Province
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s) Queen Inson
To the Gyeongju Lee clans
Suk-ui of the Kim clan
Suk-won of the Jeong clan
Sons Prince Yi Yeon
Daughters Princess Sukshin
Princess Sukan
Princess Sukmyeong
Princess Sukhwi
Princess Sukjeong
Princess Sukgyeong
Princess Uisun
Princess Suknyeong

Hyojong ( Korean : 효종 ) (born July 3, 1619 , Hanseong , Joseon ; † June 23, 1659 , ibid) was the 17th king of the Joseon Dynasty ( 조선 왕조 ) (1392-1910) during his reign from 1649 to 1659 in Korea .

Life

Hyojong was the second son of King Injo ( 인조 ), who died in May 1649 and he passed power to Hyojong through the previously regulated succession. As a prince, Hyojong was first named Bongnim-daegun Ho ( 봉림 대군 호 ) and after the lost war in 1637 against the Manchurians and his father's submission to the Manchurian ruler Huang Taiji ( Chinese  皇太極 ) together with his brother Sohyeon ( 소현 ) delivered to the winners of the war as a hostage and pledge for the promise of loyalty to the Manchurian Empire. Hyojong spent eight years as a hostage in Manchuria .

After Hyojong's brother Sohyeon, who was intended to be the heir to the throne as the Crown Prince, died a year after their release from captivity in 1646, Hyojong resigned after his father's death on May 13, 1649 in a solemn ceremony at the Injo Gate of Cheongduk Palace ( 청 둑궁 ) his succession to the throne. Shortly after his inauguration, he enforced Daedong Law ( 대동 ), which also recognized rice as a tax payment and introduced Sangpyeongtongbo ( 상평 통보 ) as a means of payment and currency. After coming to power, he also made plans to attack the Qing Empire of the Manchurians , which he hated , and hoped for support from the loyalists of the Manchurian Ming Empire who were still on the island of Taiwan . But they too had to surrender to the Manchurians and so King Hyojong, although he did a lot to strengthen his army, could not free his people from the subjugation of the Manchurian Empire during his lifetime. As an example, he tried to improve the armament and commissioned, among other things, in 1656 the Dutch seaman Hendrik Hamel (1630-1692), after his ship sank off the island of Jejudo ( 제주도 ) and was captured, with the production of better cannons for the Joseon army .

During his brief reign, Joseon's population declined rapidly due to multiple poor harvests and rampant diseases. King Hyojong died on June 23, 1659 after only 10 years in office. His son Hyeonjong ( 현종 ) took over the official business through the succession to the throne.

tomb

The king's tomb, in which his wife Queen Inseon ( 인선 ) was buried, is located in the city of Yeoju ( 여주 ) in the province of Gyeonggi-do ( 경기도 ).

literature

  • Michael J. Seth : A Concise History of Korea . From the Neolithic period through the Ninetheenth Century . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers , Oxford 2006, ISBN 978-0-7425-4005-7 (English).
  • Han Young Woo : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 2 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-092-4 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Han : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . 2010, p.  308 .
  2. ↑ Han : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . 2010, p.  139 .
  3. ^ A b Seth : A Concise History of Korea . 2006, p.  183 .
  4. ↑ a b c d The Royal Mausoleum of King Hyojong . Yeoju-si , accessed November 2, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Coins, Sangpyeongtongbo . National Museum of Korea , accessed November 2, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Han : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . 2010, p.  186 .
  7. ↑ Han : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . 2010, p.  187 .
personal data
SURNAME Hyojong
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bongnim-daegun Ho
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 17. King of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea
DATE OF BIRTH July 3, 1619
PLACE OF BIRTH Joseon
DATE OF DEATH June 23, 1659
Place of death Joseon