List of heads of state 1819
Overview
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Africa
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Egypt
- Viceroy: Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)
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Burundi
- King: Ntare IV. Rugamba (approx. 1796 – approx. 1850)
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Morocco ( Alawid Dynasty)
- Sultan: Mulai Sulaiman (1792–1822)
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Tunisia ( Husainid dynasty)
- Sultan: Mahmud Bey (1814-1824)
America
North America
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Mexico (controversial)
- Viceroy Juan Ruiz de Apodaca (1816–1821)
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United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President James Monroe (1817–1825)
Central America
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Haiti (controversial)
- Ruler: King Heinrich I (1806–1820)
South America
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Chile
- Head of State and Government: Chief Executive Bernardo O'Higgins (1817–1823)
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Greater Colombia (from August 7th)
- Head of State and Government:
- (provisional) Simón Bolívar (August 7 - September 20, 1819)
- President Francisco de Paula Santander (September 20, 1819–1827, 1832–1837 )
- Head of State and Government:
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New Granada (controversial - on August 7th to Greater Colombia)
- Viceroy Juan de Sámano (1818–1819)
- Spanish captain general Juan de la Cruz Mourgeon y Achet (1819-1821)
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Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: Consul Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1814–1840)
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Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
- Head of State and Government:
- Chief Director Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (1816–9 June 1819)
- Chief Director José Rondeau (June 9, 1819–1820)
- Head of State and Government:
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Venezuela (August 7th to Greater Colombia)
- Head of State or Government:?
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Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroy : Joaquín de la Pezuela (1816–1821)
Asia
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Abu Dhabi
- Sheikh: Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (1818–1833)
- Sheikh: Tahnun bin Shakhbut (1818–1833)
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Afghanistan
- King: Sultan Ali Shah (1818–1819)
- King: Ayub Shah (1819–1823)
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China ( Qing Dynasty )
- Emperor: Jia Qing (1796-1820)
Australia and Oceania
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Hawaii
- King: Kamehameha I (1795–1819)
- King: Kamehameha II (Liholiho) (1819–1824)
Europe
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Andorra
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Co-princes :
- King of France : Louis XVIII. (1814-1824)
- Bishop of Urgell : Bernat Francés y Caballero (1817–1824)
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Co-princes :
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Denmark
- King : Friedrich VI. (1808–1839) (1808–1814 King of Norway)
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German Confederation
- Austria
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Prussia
- King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797-1840)
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Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
- Duke : Alexius Friedrich Christian (1796–1834) until 1807 Prince
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Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
- Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
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Principality of Anhalt-Köthen :
- Duke : Ferdinand Friedrich (1818–1830)
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to bathe
- Grand Duke : Ludwig I (1818–1830)
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Bavaria
- King : Maximilian I (1799–1825) elector until 1805
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Braunschweig
- Duke : Charles II (1815–1831)
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Bremen
- Mayor : Georg Gröning (1814–1821)
- Mayor: Christian Hermann Schöne (1817–1821)
- Mayor: Arnold Dietrich Tidemann (1818–1821)
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Frankfurt
- Senior mayor : Johann Wilhelm Metzler (1816–1817) (1819) (1823)
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Hamburg
- Mayor : Friedrich von Graffen (1801–1811) (1813–1820)
- Mayor: Wilhelm Amsinck (1802–1811) (1813–1831)
- Mayor: Johann Arnold Heise (1807–1811) (1813–1834)
- Mayor: Christian Matthias Schröder (1816–1821)
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Hanover (personalunionwith Great Britain 1815–1837)
- King : George III. (1815-1820) (incapacitated under the reign)
- Regent: Georg August Friedrich (1815-1830) (King from 1820)
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Hessen-Darmstadt
- Grand Duke : Ludwig I (1790–1830) until 1806 landgrave
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Hessen-Homburg (joins the German Confederation on July 7, 1817)
- Landgrave : Friedrich V (1751-1820)
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Hessen-Kassel
- Elector: Wilhelm I (1785–1806) (1815–1821) until 1803 Landgrave
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen
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Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
- Prince : Anton Aloys (1785–1831)
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Holstein and Lauenburg (personal union with Denmark 1815–1864)
- Duke: Friedrich VI. (1815-1839)
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Liechtenstein
- Prince : Johann I. Josef (1805–1836)
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lip
- Prince : Leopold II (1802–1851) under guardianship
- Regent: Princess Pauline zur Lippe (1802-1820)
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Lübeck
- Mayor : Johann Caspar Lindenberg ,
- Mayor: Johann Matthaeus Tesdorpf (1806) (1813–1824)
- Mayor: Christian Adolph Overbeck (1814–1821)
- Mayor: Stephan Hinrich Behncke
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Luxembourg (personal union with the Netherlands 1815–1890)
- Grand Duke : Wilhelm I (1815–1840)
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Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz I (1785–1837) until 1815 Duke
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Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Grand Duke : Georg (1816–1860)
- Nassau :
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Oldenburg
- Grand Duke : Peter Friedrich Wilhelm (1785–1823) (incapacitated under guardianship) until 1815 Duke
- Prince Regent: Peter Friedrich Ludwig (1785–1810) (1815–1829) Grand Duke from 1823
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Reuss older line :
- Prince : Heinrich XIX. (1817-1836)
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Reuss-Ebersdorf
- Prince: Heinrich LI. (1797–1822) until 1806 Count
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Reuss-Lobenstein
- Prince: Heinrich LIV. (1805-1824)
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Reuss-Schleiz
- Prince: Heinrich LXII. (1818-1848)
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Saxony
- King : Friedrich August I (1763–1827) until 1806 elector
- Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
- Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
- Saxony-Hildburghausen
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Saxony-Meiningen
- Duke : Bernhard II (1803–1866) under guardianship
- Regent: Louise Eleonore von Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1803–1822)
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Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- Grand Duke : Carl August (1758–1828) until 1815 Duke
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Schaumburg-Lippe
- Prince : Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860) until 1807 Count
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Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Prince : Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
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Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl I (1794–1835)
- Waldeck-Pyrmont
- Württemberg
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France
- King : Louis XVIII. (1814-1824)
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Italian states
- Papal States
- Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
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Lucca
- Duchess: Maria Luisa (1815-1824)
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Massa and Carrara
- Duchess : Maria Beatrice (1790–1829)
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Modena and Reggio
- Duke : Francis IV (1814–1846)
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Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
- Duchess : Marie-Louise (1814–1847)
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Sardinia
- King : Victor Emanuel I (1802–1821)
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San Marino
- Capitani Reggenti : Mariano Begni , Giovanni Malpeli (October 1, 1818– April 1, 1819)
- Capitani Reggenti: Giuseppe Mercuri , Andrea Albertini (April 1, 1819– October 1, 1819)
- Capitani Reggenti: Francesco Maria Belluzzi , Filippo Filippi (October 1, 1819– April 1, 1820)
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Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (formed from Naples and Sicily on December 8th)
- King : Ferdinand I (1816–1825)
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Tuscany
- Grand Duke : Ferdinand III. (1790-1801) (1814-1824)
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Krakow
- Mayor:?
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Monaco
- Prince : Honoré IV. (1814-1819)
- Prince: Honoré V. (1819–1841)
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Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar I. Petrović-Njegoš (1782–1830)
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Netherlands
- Ruler: King Wilhelm I (1815–1840)
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Ottoman Empire
- Sultan: Mahmud II. (1808–1839)
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Russia
- Emperor : Alexander I (1801-1825)
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Sweden
- King : Karl XIV. Johann (1818–1844) (1818–1844 King of Norway)
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Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Miloš Obrenović (1817–1839, 1858–1860 )
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Spain
- King : Ferdinand VII ( 1808 , 1813–1833)
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United Kingdom
- Head of State:
- King George III (1801–1820, incapacitated since 1811) (1760–1801 King of Great Britain and Ireland, 1760–1806 Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, 1814–1820 King of Hanover)
- Regent: Georg, Prince of Wales (1811–1820) (1820–1830 King of the United Kingdom, 1820–1830 King of Hanover)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1812–1827)
- Head of State:
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Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Alexandru Sutu ( 1802, 1806 , 1818–1821) (1801–1802 Prince of Moldova)