List of heads of state 1815

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Africa

• Egypt
  • Viceroy and Ottoman Pasha: Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor : Egwala Seyon (1801–1818)

• Burundi
  • King: Ntare IV. Rugamba (approx. 1796 – approx. 1850)

• Dahomey
  • King: Adandozan (1797–1818)

• Morocco ( Alawid Dynasty)
  • Sultan: Mulai Sulaiman (1792–1822)

• Rwanda
  • King: Mutara II (1802-1853)

• Tunisia ( Husainid dynasty)
  • Sultan: Mahmud Bey (1814-1824)

America

North America

• Mexico (controversial)
  • Viceroy Félix María Calleja del Rey (1813–1816)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President James Madison (1809-1817)

Central America

• Haiti (controversial)
  • Ruler: King Heinrich I (1806–1820)

South America

• Brazil
  • Queen Maria I (1815-1816), therefore incapacitated for her Prince Regent Johann

• Chile (controversial, occupied by Spain)
  • Head of State and Government: (vacant)

• New Granada (controversial, today Colombia )
  • Spanish governor and captain general: Francisco Montalvo y Ambulodi (1813–1816)
  • Head of State and Government:
    • Chairman of the Triumvirate Custodio García Rovira (1814–28 March 1815)
    • President of the Triumvirate José Miguel Pey de Andrade (March 28 - July 28, 1815)
    • Chairman of the Triumvirate Manuel Rodríguez Torices (July 28 - November 15, 1815)
    • President Camilo Clemente Torres Tenorio (November 15, 1815–1816)

• Paraguay (controversial)
  • Head of State and Government: Consul Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1814–1840)

• Viceroyalty of Peru
  • Viceroy : José Fernando Abascál y Sousa (1806–1816)

• Río de la Plata (controversial, now Argentina )
  • Head of State and Government:
    • Chief Director Gervasio Antonio de Posadas (1814–9 January 1815)
    • Chief Director Carlos María de Alvear (January 9th - April 15th, 1815)
    • Chief Director Juan José Viamonte (April 18 - April 20, 1815)
    • Chief Director Ignacio Álvarez Thomas (April 20, 1815–1816)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State or Government:?

Asia

• Abu Dhabi
  • Sheikh: Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (1793-1816)

• Afghanistan
  • King : Mahmud Shah (1801–1803) (1809–1818)

• China ( Qing Dynasty )
  • Emperor: Jia Qing (1796-1820)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Kokaku (1780–1817)
  • Shogun ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ienari (1786–1837)

• Korea ( Joseon )
  • King : Sunjo (1800–1834)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
  • Shah : Fath Ali (1797–1834)

• Thailand
  • King : Rama II (1809-1824)

Australia and Oceania

• Hawaii
  • King: Kamehameha I (1795–1819)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • French ruler :
      • King of France: Louis XVIII. (1814– March 1, 1815)
      • Emperor of the French: Napoléon I (March 1 - June 22, 1815)
      • King of France: Louis XVIII. (June 22, 1815-1824)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros (1797–1816)

• Berg (on June 8th in Prussia)
  • Ruler: (vacant)

• Denmark
  • King : Friedrich VI. (1808–1839) (1808–1814 King of Norway)

• German Confederation (from June 8th)
  • Austria : Emperor Franz I (1792–1835)
  • Prussia
    • King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797–1840) (1797–1806 Elector of Brandenburg)
  • Anhalt-Bernburg : Duke Alexius Friedrich Christian (1796–1834)
  • Anhalt-Dessau : Duke Leopold III. (1751-1817)
  • Anhalt-Köthen : Duke Ludwig August (1812–1818)
  • Baden : Grand Duke Karl Ludwig Friedrich (1811–1818)
  • Bavaria : King Maximilian I (1799–1825) elector until 1805
  • Braunschweig (restituted on June 8th) Duke: Karl II. (June 16, 1815–1831)
  • Bremen (restituted as Free City on June 8th)
    • Mayor : Mayor Georg Gröning (1815–1821)
  • Frankfurt (restituted as Free City on June 8th)
    • Mayor: (vacant)
  • Hamburg (restituted as Free City on June 8th)
    • Mayor Daniel Lienau ( 1798–1811 , 1813–1816), Friedrich von Graffen ( 1801–1811 , March 18, 1813–1820), Wilhelm Amsinck ( 1802–1811 , 1813–1831), Johann Arnold Heise ( 1807–1811 , 1813–1834)
  • Hessen-Darmstadt : Grand Duke Ludwig I (1790–1830)
  • Hessen-Kassel (restituted on June 8th)
  • Hanover (restituted on June 8th)
    • Ruler: King George III. (1815-1820, incapacitated )
    • Regent: Crown Prince Georg August Friedrich (1811–1830)
  • Hohenzollern-Hechingen : Prince Friedrich (1810–1838)
  • Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen : Prince Anton Aloys (1785–1831)
  • Holstein and Lauenburg (restituted on June 8th)
    • Ruler: Duke Friedrich VI. , King of Denmark (1808 / 1815–1839)
  • Liechtenstein : Prince Johann I Josef (1805–1836)
  • lip
    • Ruler: Prince Leopold II (1800-1851, under guardianship )
    • Regent: Princess Pauline zur Lippe (1802-1820)
  • Lübeck (restituted as a Free City on June 8th)
    • Mayor of Lübeck : Johann Caspar Lindenberg , Johann Matthaeus Tesdorpf , Christian Adolph Overbeck
  • Luxembourg (founded June 8th)
    • Ruler: Grand Duke Wilhelm I , King of the Netherlands (June 8, 1815–1840)
  • Mecklenburg-Schwerin : Duke Friedrich Franz I (1785–1837, from June 8 as Grand Duke )
  • Mecklenburg-Strelitz : Duke Karl II. (1794–1816, from June 8 as Grand Duke )
  • Nassau : Duke Friedrich August (1806–1816)
  • Oldenburg (restituted on June 8th)
    • Ruler: Administrator Peter Friedrich Ludwig ( 1785–1810 , 1815–1829)
  • Reuss older line : Prince : Heinrich XIII. (1800-1817)
  • Reuss-Schleiz : Prince?
  • Reuss-Lobenstein : Prince?
  • Reuss-Ebersdorf : Prince?
  • Saxony : King Friedrich August I (1763–1827)
    • Ruler: Elector Wilhelm I ( 1785–1806 , June 8, 1815–1821)
  • Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld : Duke Ernst I (1806–1826)
  • Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg : Duke August (1804–1822)
  • Saxony-Hildburghausen : Duke Friedrich (1780–1826)
  • Saxony-Meiningen
    • Ruler: Duke Bernhard II (1803–1866, under guardianship )
    • Regent: Duchess Louise Eleonore zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1803–1822)
  • Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach : Duke Carl August (1758–1828, from June 8 as Grand Duke )
  • Schaumburg-Lippe : Prince Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860)
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt : Prince Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen : Prince Günther Friedrich Karl I (1794–1835)
  • Waldeck-Pyrmont : Prince Georg II. (1813–1845)
  • Württemberg : King Friedrich I (1797–1816) Duke 1797–1806, King 1806–1816

• Frankfurt (on June 8th in Hessen-Kassel, Bavaria and Prussia)
  • Ruler: (vacant)

• France
  • Ruler:
    1. King: Louis XVIII. (1814– March 1, 1815)
    2. Emperor : Napoléon I (March 1 - June 22, 1815)
    3. King: Louis XVIII. (June 22, 1815-1824)

• Hohengeroldseck (annexed by Austria )
  • Ruler: Prince Philipp von der Leyen (1806–1815)

• Isenburg-Birstein (on June 9th in Hanover)
  • Ruler: Prince Carl (1803–1814)

• Italian states
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Pius VII (1800–1810) (1815–1823)
  • Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
    • King : Franz (1815–1835)
  • Lucca
    • Duchess: Maria Luisa (1815–1824) did not take office until 1817
  • Massa and Carrara
    • Duchess : Maria Beatrice (1790–1829)
  • Modena and Reggio
    • Duke : Francis IV (1814–1846)
  • Naples
    • King : Joachim Murat (1808–1815)
    • King: Ferdinand IV. (1759-1806) (1815-1816)
  • Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
    • Duchess : Marie-Louise (1814–1847)
  • San Marino
    • Capitani Reggenti : Lodovico Belluzzi , Maria Giuseppe Malpeli (October 1, 1814– April 1, 1815)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Giuseppe Mercuri , Pier Vincenzo Giannini (April 1, 1815– October 1, 1815)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Francesco Maria Belluzzi , Filippo Filippi (October 1, 1815– April 1, 1816)
  • Sardinia
    • King : Victor Emanuel I (1802–1821)
  • Sicily
    • Ferdinand III. (1759-1816)
  • Tuscany
    • Grand Duke : Ferdinand III. (1790-1801) (1814-1824)

• Krakow (established May 3rd)
  • Mayor:?

• Monaco
  • Prince : Honoré IV. (1814-1819)

• Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar I. Petrović-Njegoš (1782–1830)

• Netherlands (founded June 8th)
  • Ruler: King Wilhelm I (March 16, 1815–1840)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan: Mahmud II. (1808–1839)

• Portugal
  • Queen : Maria I (1777–1816) (incapacitated in 1792) (1815–1816 Queen of Brazil)
  • Regent: Johann Duke of Braganza (1792–1816) (1816–1826 King of Portugal, 1815–1816 Regent of Brazil, 1816–1822 King of Brazil)

• Prussia
  • King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797–1840) (1797–1806 Elector of Brandenburg)

• Russia
  • Emperor : Alexander I (1801-1825)

• Salm-Kyrburg (annexed by?)
  • Ruler: ?

• Salm-Salm (annexed by?)
  • Ruler: ?

• Sweden
  • King : Charles XIII. (1809–1818) (1814–1818 King of Norway)

• Spain
  • King : Ferdinand VII ( 1808 , 1813–1833)

• Hungary
  • King : Franz I (1792–1835) (1792–1806 Emperor, 1792–1835 King of Bohemia, 1815–1835 King of Lombardy-Veneto, 1792–1797 and 1799–1800 Duke of Milan, 1792–1804 Archduke of Austria, 1804–1835 Emperor of Austria)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State:
    • King George III (1801–1820, incapacitated since 1811) (1760–1801 King of Great Britain and Ireland, 1760–1806 Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, 1814–1820 King of Hanover)
    • Regent: Georg, Prince of Wales (1811–1820) (1820–1830 King of the United Kingdom, 1820–1830 King of Hanover)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1812–1827)

• Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
  • Prince : Ioannis Georgios Karatzas (1812–1818)

• Westphalen (on June 8th in Hanover and Hessen-Kassel)
  • Ruler: (vacant)

• Würzburg (on June 8th in Bavaria)
  • Ruler: (vacant)