List of heads of state 1812

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Africa

• Egypt
  • Viceroy and Ottoman Pasha: Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor : Egwala Seyon (1801–1818)

• Burundi
  • King: Ntare IV. Rugamba (approx. 1796 – approx. 1850)

• Dahomey
  • King: Adandozan (1797–1818)

• Morocco ( Alawid Dynasty)
  • Sultan: Mulai Sulaiman (1792–1822)

• Rwanda
  • King: Mutara II (1802-1853)

• Tunisia ( Husainid dynasty)
  • Sultan: Hammuda Bey (1782-1814)

America

North America

• Mexico (controversial)
  • Viceroy Francisco Javier Venegas (1810–1813)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President James Madison (1809-1817)

Central America

• Haiti (controversial)
  • Ruler: King Heinrich I (1806–1820)

South America

• Argentina (controversial)
  • Head of State or Government:?

• Brazil
  • Prince Regent: João (1808–1816 / 22)

• Chile (controversial)
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. Chairman of the Supreme Government Junta José Santiago Portales (1811–8 January 1812)
    2. Chairman of the Supreme Government Junta José Miguel Carrera (January 8 - November 3, 1812)
    3. Chairman of the Supreme Government Junta Pedro José Prado Jaraquemada (November 3 - December 6, 1812)
    4. Chairman of the Supreme Government Junta José Miguel Carrera (December 6, 1812–1813)

• New Granada (controversial, today Colombia )
  • Viceroy Benito Pérez Brito (1810–1813)
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Antonio Nariño (1811– October 4, 1812)
    2. President Camilo Clemente Torres Tenorio (October 4, 1812–1814)

• Paraguay (controversial)
  • Head of State or Government: Consul?

• Viceroyalty of Peru
  • Viceroy : José Fernando Abascál y Sousa (1806–1816)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State or Government:?

Asia

• Abu Dhabi
  • Sheikh: Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (1793-1816)

• Afghanistan
  • King : Mahmud Shah (1801–1803) (1809–1818)

• China ( Qing Dynasty )
  • Emperor: Jia Qing (1796-1820)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Kokaku (1780–1817)
  • Shogun ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ienari (1786–1837)

• Korea ( Joseon )
  • King : Sunjo (1800–1834)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
  • Shah : Fath Ali (1797–1834)

• Thailand
  • King : Rama II (1809-1824)

Australia and Oceania

• Hawaii
  • King: Kamehameha I (1795–1819)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • Emperor of the French : Napoléon I (1806–1814)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros (1797–1816)

• Denmark and Norway
  • King : Friedrich VI. (1808-1839)

• France
  • Ruler: Emperor Napoléon I (1799–1814)

• Italy
  • Ruler: King Napoléon I (1805–1814)

• Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar I. Petrović-Njegoš (1782–1830)

• Naples
  • Ruler: King Joachim Murat (1808–1815)

• Austria
  • Ruler: Emperor Franz I (1792–1835)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Ruler: Sultan Mahmud II (1808–1839)

• Portugal
  • Queen : Maria I (1777–1816) (incapacitated in 1792) (1815–1816 Queen of Brazil)
  • Regent: Johann Duke of Braganza (1792–1816) (1816–1826 King of Portugal, 1815–1816 Regent of Brazil, 1816–1822 King of Brazil)

• Prussia
  • King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797–1840) (1797–1806 Elector of Brandenburg)

• Rhine Confederation
  • Protector : Napoléon Bonaparte (1806–1813)
  • Anhalt-Bernburg : Duke Alexius Friedrich Christian (1796–1834)
  • Anhalt-Dessau : Duke Leopold III. (1751-1817)
  • Anhalt-Koethen :
    1. Duke August Christian (1789–5 May 1812)
    2. Duke Ludwig August (May 5, 1812-1818)
  • Baden : Grand Duke Karl Ludwig Friedrich (1811–1818)
  • Bavaria : King Maximilian I (1799–1825) elector until 1805
  • Mountain :
    • Ruler: Grand Duke Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (1809–1813, under guardianship )
    • Regent: Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte (1809–1813)
  • Frankfurt : Grand Duke Karl Theodor von Dalberg (1810–1813)
  • Hessen-Darmstadt : Grand Duke Ludwig I (1790–1830)
  • Hohengeroldseck : Prince Philipp von der Leyen (1806–1815)
  • Hohenzollern-Hechingen : Prince Friedrich (1810–1838)
  • Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen : Prince Anton Aloys (1785–1831)
  • Isenburg-Birstein : Prince Carl (1803–1814)
  • Liechtenstein : Prince Johann I Josef (1805–1836)
  • Lippe-Detmold
    • Ruler: Prince Leopold II (1800-1851, under guardianship )
    • Regent: Princess Pauline zur Lippe (1802-1820)
  • Mecklenburg-Schwerin : Duke Friedrich Franz I (1785–1837)
  • Mecklenburg-Strelitz : Duke Karl II. (1794-1816)
  • Nassau : Duke Friedrich August (1806–1816)
  • Pyrmont (to Waldeck-Pyrmont)
    • Ruler: Prince George I (1805–1812)
  • Reuss older line : Prince : Heinrich XIII. (1800-1817)
  • Reuss-Schleiz : Prince?
  • Reuss-Lobenstein : Prince?
  • Reuss-Ebersdorf : Prince?
  • Saxony : King Friedrich August I (1763–1827)
  • Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld : Duke Ernst I (1806–1826)
  • Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg : Duke August (1804–1822)
  • Saxony-Hildburghausen : Duke Friedrich (1780–1826)
  • Saxony-Meiningen
    • Ruler: Duke Bernhard II (1803–1866, under guardianship )
    • Regent: Duchess Louise Eleonore von Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1803–1822)
  • Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach : Duke Carl August (1758–1828)
  • Salm-Kyrburg :?
  • Salm-Salm :?
  • Schaumburg-Lippe : Prince Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860)
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    • Ruler: Prince Friedrich Günther (1807–1867, under guardianship )
    • Regent: Princess Caroline Luise of Hessen-Homburg (1807–1814)
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen : Prince Günther Friedrich Karl I (1794–1835)
  • Waldeck (to Waldeck-Pyrmont)
    • Ruler: Prince Friedrich Karl August (1763–1812)
  • Westphalia : King Jérôme (1807–1813)
  • Württemberg : King Friedrich I (1797–1816) Duke 1797–1806, King 1806–1816
  • Würzburg : Grand Duke Ferdinand III. (1805-1814)

• Russia
  • Emperor : Alexander I (1801-1825)

• Sardinia
  • Ruler: King Viktor Emanuel I (1802–1821)

• Sweden
  • King : Charles XIII. (1809–1818) (1814–1818 King of Norway)

• Sicily
  • Ruler: King Ferdinand I (1759–1825)

• Spain
  • King : Joseph I (1808–1813) (1806–1808 King of Naples)

• Hungary
  • King : Franz I (1792–1835) (1792–1806 Emperor, 1792–1835 King of Bohemia, 1815–1835 King of Lombardy-Veneto, 1792–1797 and 1799–1800 Duke of Milan, 1792–1804 Archduke of Austria, 1804–1835 Emperor of Austria)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State:
    • King George III (1801–1820, incapacitated since 1811) (1760–1801 King of Great Britain and Ireland, 1760–1806 Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, 1814–1820 King of Hanover)
    • Regent: Georg, Prince of Wales (1811–1820) (1820–1830 King of the United Kingdom, 1820–1830 King of Hanover)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Spencer Perceval (1809-11 May 1812)
    • Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (June 8, 1812-1827)

• Wallachia (under Ottoman rule; occupied by Russia 1806–1812)
  • Russian military administration (1807-1812)
  • Prince : Ioannis Georgios Karatzas (1812–1818)