Mulai Sulaiman

Mulai Sulaiman ( Arabic مولاي سليمان, DMG Mūlāy Sulaymān , * 1760 ; † 1822 ) was Sultan of the Alawids in Morocco from 1798 to 1822 .

When after the death of Mulai Muhammad battles for the throne among the Alawids broke out again, Mulai Sulaiman succeeded (after Yazid and Hischam) in asserting himself against other brothers and ascending the throne (1798). Like Mulai Muhammad, Sulaiman strove to promote trade with Europe through tax breaks and tariff concessions. Relations with the United States were particularly close . This was also served by the official ban on piracy in 1817. However, the ban on piracy was only really enforced under his successor Mulai Abd ar-Rahman (1822-1859) after the USA invaded Morocco in 1836 and its warships had bombed Moroccan ports.

Under the influence of the Wahhabi movement in central Arabia , Mulai Sulaiman tried to renew Islam in Morocco towards the end of his reign . However, the prohibition of the marabout cult , as well as festivals at the graves of saints and certain rituals of the brotherhoods met with strong resistance from the population. In the following years there was unrest among the brotherhoods and marabouts. However, Sulayman died in 1822.

Under his nephew Mulai Abd ar-Rahman (1822-1859) the measures against the brotherhoods and marabouts were stopped again.

literature

• Ulrich Haarmann : History of the Arab World. Edited by Heinz Halm . 4th revised and expanded edition. CH Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-47486-1 ( Beck's historical library ).
• Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. Artemis Verlag, Zurich et al. 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .