Alexei Ivanovich Mussin-Pushkin

Alexei Ivanovich Mussin-Pushkin ( JB Lampi the Elder , 1794, Hermitage (Saint Petersburg) )

Alexei Ivanovich Mussin-Pushkin ( Russian Алексей Иванович Мусин-Пушкин ; * March 16 ^July / March 27,  1744 ^greg. In Moscow ; † February 1 ^July / February 13,  1817 ^greg. Ibid) was a Russian civil servant, historian , Book collector and art collector .

Life

Mussin-Pushkin's parents were the Guard- Captain Ivan Jakowlewitsch Mussin-Pushkin (1710–1799) and his wife Natalja Michailovna née Priklonska. His sister Evdokija (1750-1810) was the first wife of the wealthy Moscow landlord Vasily Sukhovo-Kobylin (father Alexander Vasilyevich Sukhovo-Kobylins ). Mussin-Pushkin graduated from the artillery school in St. Petersburg and was then adjutant to Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov . After Orlov's release in 1722, Mussin-Pushkin went on trips and lived in Germany , France , the Netherlands , Italy , Switzerland and England .

In 1775 Mussin-Pushkin returned to St. Petersburg and was master of ceremonies at the imperial court (8th grade ). He owned the estates Ilowna and Andrejewskoje ( Yaroslavl Oblast ). In 1781 he married Princess Ekaterina Alexejewna Wolkonskaja , daughter of Major General Prince Alexei Nikititsch Volkonski , who was equipped with the Valujewo estate on Likowa near Moscow. They had three sons and five daughters.

Mussin-Pushkin was a historian and began collecting antiques . In 1784 he became a Real Councilor of State (4th class) and in 1785 honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Arts . In 1789 he was unanimously elected a real member of the academy on the proposal of the director of the Imperial Academy Ekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Daschkowa . He attended their meetings and worked on the Academy's dictionary. He chaired the committee for the awards of the gold medals, which usually met in his home. In 1789 he headed the privileged educational institution for foreigners, the Corps of Other Believers ( Greek Gymnasium). In 1791 he acquired part of Krjokschin - archive with documents dating from the reign of Peter I , notes Peter I and ancient Russian manuscripts ( Chronicle of Prince Kriwoborski, Niko Chronicle , Chronicle Vasily Nikitich Tatischtschews , cover with the large map of the Russian territories of 16.- 17th century). He later received another collection of documents, known as the Laurentius Chronicle, directly from the Krjokschin heirs. Catherine II contributed to the growth of the collection by donating books and manuscripts.

In 1791, Catherine II appointed Mussin-Pushkin as chief procuror of the Holy Synod and commissioned him to collect the old manuscripts and books from all the churches and monasteries in Russia at the Holy Synod. All eparchies were given appropriate instructions, and Musin-Pushkin received 100 manuscripts in the first year. Some of the consignments were later found in his personal collection. In 1793 he had manuscripts as early as 1725. In 1793 he became Real Privy Councilor (2nd class). Other collections were added later, such as those of the High Priest Pyotr Alexejewitsch Alexejew , the archaeologist Alexei Nikolajewitsch Olenin , Count Gabriel Ivanovich Golovkin , the Archbishop of Astrakhan Nikifor Feotoki and manuscripts from the collection of the Archimandrite Ioil Bykowski . Mussin-Pushkin also received some manuscripts from the poet Gavriil Romanowitsch Derschawin as a gift. Mussin-Pushkin received a large collection of Rostov and Yaroslavl antiques from the Archbishop of Yaroslavl and Rostov Arsseni Vereschagin , including the Igore Song . Mussin-Pushkin also collected handwritten testimonies from important people, beginning with documents from Catherine II, which he received from her herself. Later there were also documents from Dimitri von Rostov , Metropolitan Samuil Mislawski of Kiev , Arsseni Vereschagin and others. In addition to books and manuscripts, Mussin-Pushkin also collected domestic and foreign coins and medals . In his painting collection there were pictures by Raffael , Rubens , Leonardo da Vinci and Correggio , most of the attributions of which could not be confirmed later.

Mussin Pushkin House in Moscow

In 1795, after the death of Ivan Ivanovich Bezkois , Mussin-Pushkin became President of the Academy of Arts. During this time, according to a project by Alexander Filippowitsch Kokorinow and Jean-Baptiste Vallin de La Mothe, a new building was built for the academy on the banks of the Neva . He reorganized the system of professors' classes and won sponsors for the academy: Metropolitan Gabriel Petrov of Novgorod and St. Petersburg, Count Alexander Andreevich Besborodko , Count Platon Alexandrovich Subow , Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov and Count Pyotr Vasilyevich Savadovsky . Against the opposition of the former director, Mussin-Pushkin appointed the sculptor Fedot Ivanovich Schubin to the academy. Due to his appointment policy, the number of Russian professors predominated. He won over the Augsburg copperplate engraver Ignaz Sebastian Klauber (1753–1817) to set up a new class of engravers . In order to improve the academy's treasury, he proposed in 1796 that the students pay half of their sales proceeds to the academy. The remuneration was regulated in accordance with the law and additional payments were prohibited. There was resistance, and the conversation broke off , especially with Dmitri Grigoryevich Levitsky . Mussin-Pushkin initiated annual exhibitions with cash prizes from his salary. In 1796, Michail Iwanowitsch Koslowski , Andrei Jefimowitsch Martynow and Wladimir Lukitsch Borowikowski were honored. Mussin-Pushkin ordered a portrait of his wife from Borowikowski . He bought books for the library. When, after Catherine II's death, Paul I closed the corps of other faiths, Mussin-Pushkin was allowed to take over the library, the physical cabinet and the musicians with their instruments in the academy library . He built up a collection of paintings with paintings by Raffael, Rubens, Leonardo da Vinci, Correggio, Salvator Rosa , Berchem , Sassoferrato , Bruni and Rokotow . There were also graphics and bronzes as well as copies of Canova's works . Ivan Akimowitsch Akimow , Iwan Prokofjewitsch Prokofjew , Pietro Gonzaga , Grigori Iwanowitsch Ugrjumow , Iwan Petrovich Martos , Feodossi Fyodorovich Shchedrin , Iwan Yegorowitscharowj and Andrei Sakharovich Starov , Fyodor Gryodorovich Starow , were among the most important teachers at the academy . In 1796 Mussin-Pushkin received the Alexander Nevsky Order .

In 1797 Mussin-Pushkin took his leave. He received the title of count and became a senator . He settled in Moscow with his collections. Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamsin , Iwan Nikititsch Boltin , Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Bantysch-Kamenski and Josef Dobrovský did research in his library . In 1807, Bantysch-Kamensky convinced Mussin-Pushkin to put his collections in the Moscow archive of the College of Foreign Affairs (MAKID), which Mussin-Pushkin did not, however, so that the collections were destroyed in the fire in Moscow (1812) . Only a few pieces, which had been borrowed from Helena Pavlovna Romanowa , Karamzin, Platon Petrovich Beketov , for example , have been preserved. The Laurentius Chronicle survived because it was presented to the collector Alexander I before the start of the war (today in the Russian National Library ).

Mussin-Pushkin's youngest son Vladimir married Emilia Stjernvall and was one of the Decembrists .

Web links

Commons : Alexei Ivanovich Mussin-Pushkin  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Вяткин, В. В .: Алексей Иванович Мусин-Пушкин . In: Вопросы истории . No. 9 , 2013, p. 21, 22 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Краснова, Е. И .: Алексей Иванович Мусин-Пушкин в Петербурге . In: Невский архив. Историко-краеведческий сборник . tape 4 , 1999, p. 203, 206 .
3. ↑ Высшие и центральные государственные учреждения России. 1801-1917. Т. 1 . Nauka , St. Petersburg 1998, pp. 135 .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Аксенов, А.И .: С любовью к отечеству и просвещению А. И. Мусин-Пушкин . Рыбин. подворье, Rybinsk 1994, p. 30 .
5. ↑ ^{a b} Кириченко, Е. И .: Президенты Императорской Академии художеств. К 250-летию Академии художеств . Индрик, Moscow 2008, p. 104 .
6. ↑ ^{a b} Краснова, Е.И .: Алексей Иванович Мусин-Пушкин в Петербурге . In: Невский архив. Историко-краеведческий сборник . tape 4 , 1999, p. 206 .