Act of seclusion
The act of seclusion (Dutch: acts van Seclusie ) was a secret clause in the Treaty of Westminster in 1654, in which the Republic of the United Netherlands took the decision, the four-year Willem III. von Orange-Nassau not to be appointed as the new governor of Holland.
The main initiators of the act of seclusion were Johan de Witt , Cornelis de Graeff , Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam and Johann Wolfart van Brederode . By this decision they were excluded from the governorship. When the secret file became known in the following years, the English lord protector Oliver Cromwell and not De Witt was generally considered to be the inventor. In 1660, when the Cromwells system had collapsed and the Stuarts, related to the Orange, became kings of England again, the Act was invalidated by the States of Holland.
In 1667 De Witt drew up the Eeuwig edict ( decree of the century), which included the abolition of the governorship and thus the final overthrow of the House of Orange . When the Orange came to power again in Rampjaar in 1672, the edict was withdrawn by the states of Holland.
literature
- Lieuwe van Aitzema : Saken van Staet en Oorlogh, een fundamenteel pleidooi voor eenheid en tolerantie en een belangrijke geschiedbron voor het tijdvak 1621–1668 . Vol. 3: 1645-1656 . The Hague 1669.
- Jonathan Israel : The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477-1806 . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995. pp. 722-725.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jonathan Irvine Israel : De Republiek, 1477-1806 . Vol. 2: Vanaf 1647. Van Wijnen, Franeker 2001. ISBN 90-5194-133-1 . P. 824.