Christian I. (Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler)

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Christian I. Count Palatine near Rhine, Duke in Baiern, Count zu Sponheim, etc.

Christian I of Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (born September 3, 1598 in Birkenfeld , † September 6, 1654 in Neuenstein ) was Count Palatine of Bischweiler from 1630 .

Life

Christian was a son of the Count Palatine and Duke Karl I of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1560–1600) from his marriage to Dorothea (1570–1640), daughter of Duke Wilhelm V of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . Still a toddler when his father died, his aunt, Countess Maria Elisabeth von Leiningen , and later his uncle, Duke Philipp Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg, took on the prince's upbringing. In the Thirty Years' War , Christian fought with distinction. In the Swedish service he was general of the cavalry . In 1632 he enlisted an army in Baden-Durlach , which he shared with the army of King Gustav Adolf of Swedenunited at Würzburg. In 1633 he advanced to the Electorate of Cologne and besieged Heidelberg , Philippsburg , Hagenau and Breisach . At the beginning of 1634 he supported the Swedish field marshal Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar in the battle for Regensburg by occupying the cities of Sulzbach , Vilseck Auerbach and Hirschau in the Upper Palatinate. After the battle of Nördlingen in September 1634, he left military service and reconciled with the emperor .

Through his first marriage, Christian received the rule of Bischweiler in 1630, where Christian had a castle built and resided there since 1640. With this Christian founded the line Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, from which the later Bavarian royal house descends. In 1644, Christian's children received the French indigenous community through King Louis XIV .

After the Thirty Years' War Christian tried to rebuild his rule. His grave is in the Reformed parish church in Bischwiller near Haguenau .

Christian was a member of the Fruit Bringing Society No. 205 with the company name Der Schnäbelnde .

Dynastic meaning

His son Christian made him one of the progenitors of the Bavarian kings . Through his son Johann Karl, he is also the progenitor of the dukes in Bavaria . From 1799 only these two lines of the Wittelsbach family existed.

All Wittelsbachers living today are descended from Christian.

Marriages and offspring

Christian married his first wife on 14 November 1630 in Two Bridges Magdalena Katharina (1607-1648), daughter of the Count Palatine and Duke John II of Zweibrücken. , With whom he had the following children:

  • Son (* / † 1631)
  • Gustav Adolf (* / † 1632)
  • Johann Christian (* / † 1633)
  • Dorothea Katharina (1634-1715)
⚭ 1649 Count Johann Ludwig von Nassau-Ottweiler (1625–1690)
  • Luise Sophie (1635-1691)
  • Christian II (1637–1717), Duke and Count Palatine of Birkenfeld
⚭ 1667 Countess Katharina Agathe von Rappoltstein (1648–1683)
  • Johann Karl (1638–1704), Duke and Count Palatine of Gelnhausen
⚭ 1. 1685 Princess and Countess Palatine Sophie Amalie von Zweibrücken (1646–1695)
⚭ 2. 1696 Esther Marie von Witzleben (1665–1725)
⚭ 1659 Count Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1628–1666)

His second wife became Countess Maria Johanna von Helfenstein-Wiesensteig (1612–1665) in Bischweiler in 1648 , widow of the last Landgrave von Leuchtenberg . This marriage remained childless.

literature

  • Annual report [afterw.] Trier Annual Reports , 1858, Google Books
  • Johann Georg Lehmann : Complete history of the Duchy of Zweibrücken and its princes , Kaiser, 1867, p. 480 f. ( Google Books )
  • Johann Henrich Bachmann: Pfalz Zweibrükisches Staats-Recht , Tübingen 1784, p. 13. Google Books
  • Conrad Mannert: The history of Bavaria , Volume 2, Hahn, 1826, p. 489
  • Hardt: Wilhelm Herzog in Bavaria , publ. D. Literar.-Artist.-Inst., 1838, p. 5

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Engerisser: From Kronach to Nördlingen. The Thirty Years War in Franconia Swabia and the Upper Palatinate 1631-1635 . Verlag Späthling Weißenstadt 2007, p. 222. ISBN 978-3-926621-56-6
  2. ↑ Joseph Heinrich Wolf: Bavarian history for all estates of the fatherland without distinction from the earliest times up to the year 1832 , Volume 4, p. 54
predecessor Office successor
Johann II. Count Palatine of Bischweiler
1630–1654 		Christian II
personal data
SURNAME Christian I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Christian I of Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count Palatine of Pfalz-Bischweiler
DATE OF BIRTH September 3, 1598
PLACE OF BIRTH Birch field
DATE OF DEATH September 6, 1654
Place of death Neuenstein