Demofoonte

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Work data
Title: Demofoonte
Second act, scene IX. "Vieni, mia vita, Vieni: sei salva."

Second act, scene IX.
"Vieni, mia vita,
Vieni: sei salva."

Shape: Opera seria
Original language: Italian
Music: First setting by Antonio Caldara
Libretto : Pietro Metastasio
Premiere: November 4, 1733
Place of premiere: Vienna
Place and time of the action: Royal Castle of Demofoonte, Chersonesos in Trakien , ancient times
people
  • Demofoonte , King in Trakien
  • Timante , supposed Crown Prince and son of Demofoontes
  • Dircea , Timante's secret wife and supposed daughter of Matusios
  • Creusa , Phrygian princess, intended bride Timantes
  • Cherinto , Demofoonte's son, in love with Creusa
  • Matusio , alleged father of Dircea and imperial prince
  • Adrasto , captain of the royal bodyguard and confidante of the king
  • Olinto , young son of Timantes and Dirceas

Demofoonte one is opera - libretto in three acts by Pietro Metastasio . Other names are Démophon , Demophontes , Dirce or L'usurpatore innocente . With more than 70 well-known settings, it is one of his most popular works. It was performed for the first time in the version by Antonio Caldara on November 4, 1733 to celebrate the name-day of Charles VI. in Vienna.

A German translation of the libretto by Johann Anton Koch appeared in 1772 under the name Demophoon in the fourth volume of his unfinished complete edition Des Herr Abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems.

action

The German-language libretto of the setting by Carl Heinrich Graun , published in 1774, contains the following table of contents:

“King Demophontes, who ruled the half-island of Thrace, also tried to fulfill the cruel use that the oracul of Apollo had prescribed, since every year a maiden had to be sacrificed in front of the image of Apollo; yet he commanded that the name of the unfortunate maiden who was to serve as a sacrifice should be chosen by lot.

Matusius, one of the greats of the kingdom, argued that the Dircea, whose father he believed he was, should not submit to the fate of the other maidens, and cited the king's own example, which, about his own, as the cause Not to expose the daughter to the lot that had removed her from Thracia. Demophontes, angry at the audacity of Matusius, issued the cruel order to drag the innocent Dircea to the victim without expecting the decision of happiness.

She was already a consort of Timantes, supposed son and heir of Demophontes; but they sought their union for fear of an ancient law of the kingdom, by virtue of which every subject who married an heir to the throne was condemned to death to be carefully hidden.

In the meantime Demophontes, to whom the marriage of the Timantes and Dircea was completely unknown, had promised his supposed son and heir the Princess Creusa, a daughter of the King of Phrygia, as his future husband. To fulfill this promise, he sent Cherintus, his other son, to receive the Princess Bride, and to bring her to Thrace. At the same time he called the Timantes back from the field. When Timantes, who knew nothing about everything that was going on, hurriedly to the Königl. Residence arrived, and at last he noticed the dangerous state in which he and his dircea were, if he wanted to apologize, he also tried to defend his wives by rage and violence, in such a way that the wise king discovered their secret connection, and they condemned both to death. But at the moment when the severe judgment was to be carried out, Demophontes again felt in his heart the impulses of fatherly mercy, which at last, along with the many pleas from others, lured pardon from his mouth.

Timantes experienced these happy changes. However, scarcely had he felt the strong effects of an unexpected joy; so he fell into an abyss of consternation and horror: because he was convinced by incontrovertible evidence that his Dircea was a biological daughter of Demophontes and that he was at the same time the husband of his own sister.

His utter despair seemed inevitable; but it was discovered in a completely unexpected way, and thoroughly referred to him, that he was neither the heir to the throne nor the son of Demophontes, but rather a son of Matusius. As a result, all circumstances suddenly changed.

The Timantes, freed from his previous horror, embraced his consort, and Demophontes found his true heir in the person of Cherintus; so he fulfilled his promise and gave the same the princess Creusa as wife. "

- Pietro Metastasio : Foreword from the libretto of the setting by Carl Heinrich Graun, Berlin 1774

The following more detailed table of contents is based on the German libretto of the setting by Giovanni Battista Ferrandini , which was performed in Munich in 1737.

first act

Image from the text edition, London 1767

Raised gardens with access to various rooms in the royal palace

According to an oracle, a virgin has to be sacrificed to the god Apollo in Trakien every year. This is determined by lot. However, King Demofoonte excluded his own daughter from voting. The imperial prince Matusio would like to follow this example and not subject the fate of his daughter Dircea to lot either. Dircea, however, fears that this will incur the wrath of the king. Dircea is secretly married to Timante, Crown Prince Demofoontes, and they have a young son: Olinto. Nobody is allowed to find out about the marriage because, according to an old law, the death penalty is imposed if a subject marries the Crown Prince. Timante has just been called back from the camp by his father, and Dircea tells him about Olinto's first attempts at walking. She also shares her concerns about the oracle victim with him. The oracle had only recently been questioned again and gave the dark answer: "The fire of heaven's anger will cease to burn over you / When the innocent arrogant for a kingdom will know his error." Dircea is less afraid of death than before her father's impending quarrel with the king. In addition, she is no longer a virgin and therefore actually unsuitable as a victim. If she continues to hide this, she is cheating on the king, otherwise on heaven. Timante advises her to confide in the king. He had already earned some merit in the fight and could therefore ask his father for mercy for them. Dircea wants to rely on Timante and leaves.

Demofoonte arrives and tells Timante that he has decided to marry him to the Phrygian Crown Princess Creusa. This had just arrived in the port accompanied by Timante's younger brother Cherinto. Timante is no longer able to tell his father about Dircea.

A port magnificently decorated for the arrival of the Phrygian princess

This rises with its entourage to the sound of various exotic instruments from the most magnificent of the many ships.

Cherinto confesses his love to Creusa, but is rejected by her. Timante comes to them and sends his brother away briefly to talk to Creusa alone. He tells her that there is an insurmountable obstacle to their marriage that his father should not know about. He therefore asks her to explain herself that she does not want to marry him. He calls Cherinto back and leaves. Creusa is outraged by this greeting and asks Cherinto to avenge her honor. She wants to give him everything for it, her heart, her hand, her throne and all of her possessions, if he kills his brother. When he hesitates, she accuses him of cowardice.

Matusio wants to lead Dircea out of town against her will in order to bring her to safety. He leaves her briefly to find a suitable ship. When she sees Timante, she complains of her suffering and asks him to take care of Olinto. Matusio comes back and tries to continue Dircea. Since Timante wants to prevent him, they both draw their swords. Dircea reassures Timante that her father does not know about their secret marriage. He then apologizes to him. Matusio now explains that the king resented his attempt to exclude Dircea from the raffle and chose her as the victim without waiting for the lot. Timante tries to calm him down. His father is not so cruel and will surely revoke his angry orders. But then Captain Adrasto arrives with some soldiers and has Dircea arrested on the king's orders. Desperate, Dircea says goodbye to her father and Timante. Timante asks Matusio to follow Dircea to find out where she is staying. In the meantime he himself wants to go to his father and ask him for mercy.

Second act

Cabinets

Creusa informs Demofoonte that she would like to leave for Phrygia again without marrying Timante. Demofoonte suspects Timante's rough behavior is to blame and asks her to excuse this. He promises her to convince Timante to get married today. After she leaves, Timante comes and begs his father for mercy for Dircea. But he cannot and does not want to revoke his order, but rather talk about Timante's behavior towards Creusa. Timante pleads for Dircea on his knees. Finally Demofoontes gives in and gives him Dircea's life, provided he gives up his resistance to Creusa and marries her. Since Timante refuses, the death sentence for Dircea remains. Desperate Timante leaves. Demofoonte now orders Dircea to be led immediately to the place of sacrifice.

Covered corridors

Timante tells Matusio about his unsuccessful conversation with the king and urges him to flee. He wants to follow as soon as he has freed Dircea. Soldiers and temple servants take Dircea past there. She is wearing a white dress and a flower crown and is already on the way to the sacrificial ceremony. Timante has no chance against so many opponents. So he wants to call friends together and free them in the temple.

After Timante is gone, Creusa comes, and Dircea asks her to help Timante. Creusa is impressed with Dircea. She can understand why Timante loves her and decides to help them both. Since Cherinto is just passing by, she asks him for support. She no longer requires him to kill Timante, but to save him on the contrary. She herself now wants to ask Demofoonte for mercy for Dircea. Creusa now has feelings for Cherinto. But she is not ready to give up the throne because of him.

Forecourt of the Temple of Apollo

Magnificent but short stairs to the temple, the interior of which can be seen behind the columns. The altar has crumbled, the fire is out, the temple dishes overturned, the flowers, ribbons, axes and other sacrificial instruments are scattered on the steps and on the floor; the priests are on the run; the royal guards are being pursued by the Timantes friends, and there is confusion and commotion everywhere.

Timante follows some of the guards on the steps. Dircea calls him back from above, startled. A little skirmish follows, in which Timante's friends have the upper hand. After the fight, Timante calls Dircea over to flee with her. However, it is too late as guards are coming from both sides. Timante tries to pave the way for himself and Dircea with his sword. When Demofoontes also comes and tells him to kill his father, too, Timante gives up and submits. Demofoonte now orders the priests to sacrifice Dircea immediately. In his distress, Timante confesses that Dircea is no longer a virgin, but his wife and already mother. Demofoonte orders them to be incarcerated so that they can be sentenced together. After he leaves, Dircea and Timante decide to kill themselves, but can't manage.

Third act

Simon Fokke: fourth scene from the third act of “Demophontes”, June 1st, 1768 in the Schouwburg Amsterdam

Inner courtyard of the dungeon

Adrasto comes to Timante in the dungeon and tells him Dircea's wish that he should marry Creusa in order to save himself. However, Timante refuses. After Adrasto leaves, Cherinto comes and reports that Demofoonte has forgiven him and that Dircea will also be released. Creusa's pleas softened his heart, and when he, Cherinto, then brought Dircea and her son to him, he gave in completely. Demofoonte is already on the way to the dungeon to bring him the good news personally. Timante suggests that Cherinto marry Creusa himself. But because she has come to marry the heir to the throne, Cherinto doesn't think she will be content with him as a younger brother. Timante offers to let him succeed to the throne. Because if Cherinto hadn't saved his life, he would already be crown prince. Cherinto is leaving.

Matusio comes to Timante with a letter in hand. He has just found out that Dircea is not his daughter at all, but that of the king and therefore Timante's sister. His wife had given him the letter on his death bed and asked him to take an oath that he should only open it if Dircea was in danger. Since that was so many years ago, he only remembered it when he found the letter among the things he wanted to take with him when he escaped. The letter comes from the Queen herself, who was a close friend of his friend. In it she points to another letter that is hidden in the court temple at the feet of the deity - a place that only the king himself may enter. Desperate because of the shame of having married his own sister, Timante sends Matusio away.

Creusa, Demofoonte, Adrasto and Olinto come one after the other to Timante to bring him the news of forgiveness. However, he is overwhelmed with emotions, cannot manage to tell them about Matusio's find and leaves. The others don't understand his behavior.

A magnificent room in the royal palace with Creusa's lavishly decorated bed

Cherinto leads Timante into Creusa's room. Adrasto, Matusio, Dircea with Olinto and Demofoonte join them, and Demofoontes informs Timante of the contents of the second letter that he has since found. Accordingly, Timante is not his real son, but was swapped for Dircea at the request of the queen as a baby, because she had wanted an heir to the throne. Dircea is Demofoonte's daughter and Timante is Matusio's son. Now Creusa comes too, and Demofoontes offers her the real Crown Prince Cherintus as her bridegroom, which she is happy to agree to. In the meantime, the meaning of the oracle has also become clear: Timante himself is the “innocent arrogance” of the empire named in the oracle. The annual blood sacrifice is no longer necessary from now on. Timante is relieved that everything has turned out well and can finally embrace his son and his wife without worries.

history

The plot of the libretto is based on an ancient legend of Phylarchus , which is handed down in the second book of De astronomia (No. 40 "Water snake") by Hyginus . In it Mastusius murders the king's daughters in revenge for the sacrifice of his own daughter, mixes her blood with wine and serves it to the king. Metastasio refrained from depicting such atrocities in his work and was praised for it by contemporary critics. Other storylines may have been inspired by Antoine Houdar de la Motte's 1723 tragedy, Inès de Castro , about the passionate relationship between the lady-in-waiting Inès and Prince Pedro, a son of Afonso IV of Portugal. Giovanni Battista Guarini's tragicomedy Il pastor fido from 1590 (order of sacrifice) and Torquato Tasso's tragedy Il Re Torrismondo from 1587 (inbreeding theme, inspired by Sophocles ' King Oedipus ) were identified as further models .

Gaetano Latilla's success with his setting performed at the Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo in Venice in 1738 proved to be essential for his later career. Even Christoph Willibald Gluck's 1742 version written for the Teatro Regio Ducale in Milan was praised. Niccolò Jommelli wrote four different versions between 1743 and 1770. Baldassare Galuppi's version for Madrid, which was staged with the castrato Farinelli in 1749 , was also very successful. The version written by Maxim Sosontowitsch Berezovsky for Livorne in 1773 is considered the first opera by a Russian (or Ukrainian) composer to be performed in Italy. In 1788 and 1789, two French versions by Luigi Cherubini (free adaptation of the libretto by Jean-François Marmontel ) and Johann Christoph Vogel (translation by Philippe Desriaux ) were performed in the Opéra under the name Démophon . One of the first operas to be performed in Rio de Janeiro was the two-act version by Marcos António Portugal's setting, originally composed in 1794 for Milan.

Even Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dealt repeatedly with the substance. Between 1770 and 1782 he set a total of six scenes of the libretto to music in the form of concert arias. In Italy and Paris he was clearly hoping to get commissioned compositions for a “Demofoonte Opera”. On behalf of the WDR , the dramaturge Sabine Radermacher created a “fictional, previously unknown opera fragment” that was broadcast on December 1, 2013 by WDR 3 and is also available on CD.

Settings

The following composers used this libretto for an opera:

year composer premiere Performance location Remarks
1733 Antonio Caldara November 4, 1733, court theater Vienna to celebrate the name day of Charles VI.
1734 Gaetano Maria Schiassi December 26th 1734, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo Venice also in 1737 in the Academia da Trindade in Lisbon and on May 19, 1738 in the Teatro de los Caños del Peral in Madrid Gaetano Maria Schiassi - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Venice 1735.png
1735 Pietro Vincenzo Chiocchetti 1735, Falcone Theater Genoa
1735 Domenico Sarro , Francesco Mancini , Leonardo Leo and Giuseppe Sellitto January 20th 1735, Teatro San Bartolomeo Naples first act by Sarro, second act by Mancini, third act by Leo, intermezzi by Sellitto
1735 Francesco Ciampi 5th February 1735, Teatro Tordinona Rome
1737 Egidio Romualdo Duni May 24, 1737, King's Theater on Haymarket London under the name Demophontes, King of Thrace
1737 Giovanni Battista Ferrandini October 22, 1737, court theater Munich
1737 Gaetano Latilla December 26th 1737, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo Venice
1738 Giovanni Battista Lampugnani January 1738, Teatro Ducale Piacenza Libretto edited by Bartolomeo Vitturi
1738 Giuseppe Ferdinando Brivio Carnival 1738, Teatro Regio Turin According to an entry in the score received from the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna , this opera was by Carlo Francesco Brivio
1738 anonymous December 28, 1738, Castle Theater of Count Johann Adam von Questenberg Jarmeritz in Moravia
1739 Giuseppe Rejna October 1739, Teatro Solerio Alessandria
1741 Leonardo Vinci Carnival 1741, Teatro Pubblico Lucca
1741 Andrea Bernasconi Carnival 1741, Teatro delle Dame Rome Revised on January 26, 1756 or 1766 in the Munich Court Theater Andrea Bernasconi - Demofoonte - german titlepage of the libretto - Munich 1766.jpg
1741 Giovanni Verocai Summer fair 1741, court theater Braunschweig
1743 Christoph Willibald Gluck 6th January 1743, Teatro Regio Ducale Milan preserved except for sinfonia, recitative and an aria; seven arias are by Francesco Maggiore ; several other performances in other cities
1743 Giovanni Chinzer et al Spring 1743, Teatro Rimini Pasticcio , only the recitatives are from Chinzer; New version in Copenhagen in 1749
1743 Niccolò Jommelli June 13th 1743, Teatro degli Obizzi Padua first version; later performances also carnival in Lodi in 1754 and in London in 1755
1746 Carl Heinrich Graun January 17, 1746, Royal Court Opera Berlin as Demofoonte, re di Tracia ; Carnival re-enacted in 1774 Carl Heinrich Graun - Demofoonte - german titlepage of the libretto - Berlin 1774.png
1747 John Christopher Smith around 1747/48 lost
1748 Johann Adolph Hasse February 9, 1748, Court Theater Dresden first setting; revised (possibly not by Hasse himself) on December 26, 1748 in the Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo in Venice; several other performances in other cities Johann Adolph Hasse - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Dresden 1748.png
1749 Baldassare Galuppi December 18, 1749, Real Teatro del Buen Retiro Madrid first version; with additional music by Giovanni Battista Mele ; further performances in Prague and Bologna
1750 Francesco Antonio Uttini 1750 Ferrara in two acts
1750 Ignazio Fiorillo Summer 1750, court theater Braunschweig Ignazio Fiorillo - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Braunschweig 1750.png
1752 Davide Perez Autumn 1752, Teatro di Corte Lisbon
1753 Niccolò Jommelli 3rd February 1753, Teatro Regio Ducale Milan second version
1754 Antonio Maria Mazzoni Carnival 1754, Teatro Ducale Parma Antonio Mazzoni - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Parma 1754.jpg
1754 Gennaro Manna Carnival 1754, Teatro Regio Turin
1754 Gioacchino Cocchi May 23, 1754, Teatro San Salvatore Venice Gioacchino Cocchi - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Venice 1754.png
1755 Giuseppe Sarti Carnival 1755, Det Kongelige Teater Copenhagen first version
1757 Antonio Gaetano Pampani Carnival 1757, Teatro delle Dame Rome also on July 24, 1757 in the Teatro degli Accademici Risvegliati in Pistoia and at Carnival 1764 in the Teatro San Cassiano in Venice
1758 Baldassare Galuppi June 1758, Teatro Nuovo Padua second version; Revised in 1759 in the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice
1758 Pasquale Vinci Carnival 1758, Accademia degli Intronati Siena also on January 30, 1759 at the Teatro Pubblico in Rimini
1758 Tommaso Traetta Carnival 1758, Teatro Regio Ducale Vecchio Mantua also at Carnival 1759 in the Teatro del Sole in Pesaro and again at Carnival 1770 in Mantua
1758 Johann Adolph Hasse November 4, 1758 Naples second setting
1758 Antonio Ferradini December 26th 1758, Teatro Regio Ducale Milan Giovanni Battista Ferrandini - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Munich 1737.jpg
1759 Johann Ernst Eberlin 1759, court theater Salzburg
1760 Antonio Brunetti 1760, Teatro Pubblico Pisa
1761 Niccolò Piccinni May 1761, Teatro Moderno Reggio nell'Emilia Niccolò Piccinni - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Reggio nell Emilia 1761.jpg
1761 Antonio Boroni 1761, theater Senigallia also at Carnival 1762 in Vicenza
1762 anonymous 15th August 1762, Teatro della Pergola Florence
1763 Gian Francesco de Majo Carnival 1763, Teatro Argentina Rome
1764 Niccolò Jommelli February 11, 1764, Ducal Theater Stuttgart third version
1765 Mattia Vento March 2nd 1765, King's Theater on Haymarket London
1765 Brizio Petrucci December 26th 1765, Teatro Bonacossi Ferrara
1766 Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi October 8, 1766, Onigo Theater Treviso
1769 Josef Mysliveček 17th January 1769, Teatro San Benedetto Venice first version
1770 Samuel Arnold February 24th 1770, Theater Royal, Covent Garden London as spoken drama Timanthes in English by John Hoole; Arnold only set five numbers of the third act to music
1770 Niccolò Jommelli November 4, 1770, Teatro San Carlo Naples fourth version; also on June 6, 1775 in the Palazzo Ajuda in Lisbon and on January 10, 1778 in the Ducal Theater in Stuttgart; performed again at the Salzburg Whitsun Festival 2009
1770 Johann Baptist Vanhal 1770 lost
1771 Jan Antonín Koželuh January 1771, Nuovo Teatro Prague
1771 Giuseppe Sarti January 30, 1771, Det Kongelige Teater Copenhagen second version Giuseppe Sarti - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Copenhagen 1771.jpg
1773 Pasquale Anfossi Carnival 1773, Teatro Argentina Rome also listed in several other cities
1773 Maxim Sosontowitsch Berezovsky February 1773, Teatro San Sebastiano Livorno as demofont
1775 Josef Mysliveček January 20, 1775, Teatro San Carlo Naples second version
1775 Giovanni Paisiello Carnival 1775, Teatro San Benedetto Venice also listed in several other cities
1776 Joseph Schuster 1776, Teatro Nuovo Forlì also at the 1777 Carnival in Pavia; Released on CD in 2003
1776 Carlo Monza 1776, Nuovo Teatro Alessandria
1778 Ferdinando Bertoni et al 1778, King's Theater on Haymarket London Pasticcio
1780 Giacomo Rust October 26th 1780, Teatro della Pergola Florence
1782 Giuseppe Sarti January 26th 1782, Teatro Argentina Rome third version; also at Carnival 1787 in the Teatro Civico del Verzaro in Perugia
1782 Giuseppe Gazzaniga Carnival 1782, Teatro di Santa Cecilia Palermo Attribution doubtful
1782 Antonio Pio Carnival 1783, Rangoni Theater Modena
1783 Felice Alessandri June 12th 1783, Teatro Nuovo Padua
1786 Angelo Tarchi September 24, 1786, Teatro Nuovo Crema
1786 Alessio Prati December 26th 1786, Teatro San Benedetto Venice Alessio Prati - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Venice 1786.png
1787 Luigi Gatti May 12th 1787, Teatro Regio Ducale Mantua
1787 Gaetano Pugnani December 26th 1787, Teatro Regio Turin
1788 anonymous October 17, 1788, Teatro della Pergola Florence
1788 Luigi Cherubini December 2, 1788, Opéra Paris Libretto edited by Jean-François Marmontel as a demophon
1789 Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli 1789 Trieste also on November 25, 1795 at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli - Demofoonte - titlepage of the libretto - Venice 1795.png
1789 Johann Christoph Vogel September 22, 1789, Opéra Paris Libretto arranged by Philippe Desriaux as a demophon
1790 Vincenzo Federici April 6th 1790, King's Theater on Haymarket London Libretto edited as L'usurpatore innocente in two acts Vincenzo Federici - usurpator innocente - titlepage of the libretto - London 1790.png
1791 Vittorio Trento 1791
1794 Marcos António Portugal February 8, 1794, Teatro alla Scala Milan later also in a two-act arrangement in Rio de Janeiro
1821 Charles Edward Horn 1821, Theater Royal, Drury Lane London as Dirce, or The Fatal Urn
1836 Giuseppe Maria Sborgi 1836, Pagliano Theater Florence

Recordings and performances in recent times

Web links

Commons : Demofoonte  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Digital copies

  1. ^ Johann Anton Koch: The abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems, translated from Italian. Fourth volume. Krauss, Frankfurt and Leipzig in 1772 as digitization at the Munich digitization center .
  2. ↑ a b Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Carl Heinrich Graun, Berlin 1774 as a digitized version at the Berlin State Library .
  3. ↑ a b c Libretto (German) of the opera by Giovanni Battista Ferrandini, Munich 1737 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  4. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gaetano Maria Schiassi, Venice 1735. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  5. ^ Libretto (Italian / Spanish) of the opera by Gaetano Maria Schiassi, Madrid 1738 as a digitized version on Google Books .
  6. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Domenico Sarro et al., Naples 1735. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  7. ↑ Score of the opera by Sarro, Mancini, Leo and Sellitto, 1735 as digitized version with the International Music Score Library Project .
  8. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gaetano Latilla, Venice 1738 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  9. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Battista Lampugnani, Piacenza 1738 as a digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  10. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Andrea Bernasconi, Munich 1766 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  11. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck, Milan 1742. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  12. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Chinzer, Rimini 1743. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  13. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli (first version), Milan 1743. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  14. ^ Score of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, 1743 as digitized version with the International Music Score Library Project .
  15. ↑ Score of the opera by Carl Heinrich Graun, 1776 as digitized version with the International Music Score Library Project .
  16. ^ Libretto of the opera by Johann Adolph Hasse, Dresden 1748 as digitized version at the Berlin State Library .
  17. ↑ Score of the opera by Johann Adolph Hasse, 1748 as digitized version with the International Music Score Library Project .
  18. ^ Libretto (Italian / Spanish) of the opera by Baldassare Galuppi, Madrid 1750 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  19. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Ignazio Fiorillo, Braunschweig 1751 as digitized version at the Berlin State Library .
  20. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli (second version), Milan 1753. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  21. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Mazzoni, Parma 1754 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  22. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gioacchino Cocchi, Venice 1754. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  23. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Gaetano Pampani, Rome 1757 as a digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  24. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Tommaso Traetta, Mantua 1758 as a digital copy in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  25. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Ferradini, Milan 1759 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  26. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Piccinni, Reggio nell'Emilia 1761 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  27. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gian Francesco de Majo, Rome 1763 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  28. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, Naples 1770 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  29. ^ Libretto (Italian / Danish) of the opera by Giuseppe Sarti, Copenhagen 1771 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  30. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pasquale Anfossi, Rome 1773 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  31. ↑ Score of the opera by Josef Mysliveček, 1775 as digitized version with the International Music Score Library Project .
  32. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Paisiello, Venice 1775 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  33. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Pio, Modena 1783. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  34. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Angelo Tarchi, Milan 1786 as digitized version at the Munich digitization center .
  35. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Alessio Prati, Venice 1787. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  36. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gaetano Pugnani, Turin 1788 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  37. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli, Venice 1795. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  38. ^ Libretto (Italian / English) of the opera L'usurpatore innocente by Vincenzo Federici, London 1790 as digitized version at Archive.org .
  39. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Marcos António Portugal, Milan 1794 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Metastasio, Pietro in Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart , p. 50861 ff (cf. MGG vol. 9, p. 229 ff.) Bärenreiter-Verlag 1986 ( digital library volume 60).
  2. ↑ a b c d Don Neville:  Demofoonte. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  3. ^ Hyginus: De astronomia 2 , English translation on theoi.com , accessed October 28, 2014.
  4. ↑ How Mozart came up with a new opera - Review of the Mozart fragment on kultiversum , accessed on October 29, 2014.
  5. ↑ Program information on the Mozart fragment on the WDR website, accessed on October 29, 2014.
  6. ↑ Demofoonte (Antonio Caldara) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  7. ↑ Demofoonte (Antonio Caldara) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on February 1, 2015.
  8. ↑ Demofoonte (Gaetano Maria Schiassi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  9. ↑ Demofoonte (Pietro Vincenzo Chiocchetti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  10. ↑ Demofoonte (Leo, Sarro, Mancini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  11. ↑ a b Demofoonte (Sarro, Mancini, Leo) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on February 1, 2015.
  12. ^ List of the stage works by Francesco Mancini based on the MGG in Operone
  13. ^ List of stage works by Domenico Natale Sarri based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  14. ^ List of stage works by Leonardo Leo based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 11, 2014.
  15. ↑ Demofoonte (Francesco Ciampi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  16. ↑ Demophontes, King of Thrace (Egidio Romualdo Duni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  17. ↑ List of the stage works by Egidio Romualdo Duni based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 5, 2014.
  18. ↑ Demofoonte (Giovanni Battista Ferrandini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  19. ↑ Demofoonte (Gaetano Latilla) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  20. ↑ Demofoonte (Giovanni Battista Lampugnani) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  21. ^ List of stage works by Giovanni Battista Lampugnani based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 6, 2014.
  22. ↑ Demofoonte (Giuseppe Ferdinando Brivio) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  23. ^ Sergio Martinotti:  Brivio, Giuseppe Ferdinando. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 14:  Branchi-Buffetti. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1972.
  24. ↑ a b Demofoonte (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  25. ↑ Demofoonte (Giuseppe Rejna) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  26. ↑ Demofoonte (Leonardo Vinci) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  27. ↑ Demofoonte (Andrea Bernasconi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  28. ^ List of stage works by Andrea Bernasconi based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 1, 2014.
  29. ↑ Demofoonte (Giovanni Verocai) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  30. ↑ Demofoonte (Christoph Willibald Gluck) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  31. ↑ List of stage works by Christoph Willibald Gluck based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  32. ↑ Demofoonte (Giovanni Chinzer) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  33. ↑ Demofoonte [1a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  34. ↑ a b c Demofoonte (Niccolò Jommelli) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on February 1, 2015.
  35. ↑ Demofoonte, re di Tracia (Carl Heinrich Graun) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  36. ^ List of stage works by John Christopher Smith based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 6, 2014.
  37. ↑ Demofoonte (Johann Adolph Hasse) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  38. ↑ a b List of stage works by Johann Adolf Hasse based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  39. ↑ a b Demofoonte (Baldassare Galuppi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  40. ↑ a b List of the stage works by Baldassare Galuppi based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  41. ^ List of the stage works by Giovanni Battista Mele based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 6, 2014.
  42. ↑ Demofoonte (Francesco Antonio Uttini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  43. ↑ Demofoonte (Ignazio Fiorillo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  44. ↑ Il Demofoonte (Davide Perez) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  45. ↑ List of stage works by Davide Pérez based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  46. ↑ Demofoonte [2a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  47. ↑ Demofoonte (Antonio Mazzoni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  48. ↑ Demofoonte (Gennaro Manna) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  49. ↑ Demofoonte (Gioacchino Cocchi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  50. ↑ Demofoonte [1a ver.] (Giuseppe Sarti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  51. ↑ Demofoonte (Antonio Gaetano Pampani) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  52. ↑ Demofoonte (Pasquale Vinci) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  53. ↑ Demofoonte (Tommaso Traetta) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  54. ↑ Demofoonte (Antonio Ferrandini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  55. ↑ Demofoonte (Johann Ernst Eberlin) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  56. ↑ Demofoonte (Antonio Brunetti) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed October 24, 2014.
  57. ↑ Demofoonte (Niccolò Piccinni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  58. ↑ List of the stage works by Niccolò Piccinni based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  59. ↑ Demofoonte (Antonio Boroni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  60. ↑ Demofoonte [FI 1762] (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  61. ↑ Demofoonte (Gian Francesco de Majo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  62. ↑ Demofoonte [3a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  63. ↑ Demofoonte (Mattia Vento) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  64. ^ List of the stage works by Brizio Petrucci based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 14, 2014.
  65. ↑ Demofoonte (Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  66. ↑ Demofoonte [1a ver.] (Josef Mysliveček) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  67. ^ Michael Burden: Metastasio on the London Stage, 1728 to 1840: A Catalog. Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle, 2007, pp. 147 and 157 ( online at Oxford University Research Archive).
  68. ↑ Demofoonte [4a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  69. ^ A b c Don Neville:  Metastasio [Trapassi], Pietro (Antonio Domenico Bonaventura). In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  70. ^ Vanhal, Johann Baptist in The Huchinson Concise Dictionary of Music , Helicon Publishing, New York 1999, p. 694 ( online at Google Books).
  71. ↑ Demofoonte (Johann Antonin Kozeluch) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  72. ↑ Demofoonte [2a ver.] (Giuseppe Sarti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  73. ↑ Demofoonte (Pasquale Anfossi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  74. ↑ List of stage works by Maksim Sozontovic Berezovskij based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 24, 2014.
  75. ↑ Demofoonte [2a ver.] (Josef Mysliveček) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  76. ↑ Demofoonte (Giovanni Paisiello) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  77. ↑ Demofoonte (Joseph Schuster) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  78. ↑ Demofoonte (Carlo Monza) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  79. ↑ List of the stage works by Ferdinando Bertoni based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  80. ↑ Demofoonte, a serious opera , catalog entry on Ferdinando Bertoni's opera pasticcio in the National Library of Australia , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  81. ↑ Demofoonte (Giacomo Rust) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  82. ↑ Demofoonte [3a ver.] (Giuseppe Sarti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  83. ↑ List of stage works by Giuseppe Sarti based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  84. ↑ Demofoonte (Giuseppe Gazzaniga) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  85. ↑ Demofoonte (Antonio Pio) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  86. ↑ Demofoonte (Felice Alessandri) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  87. ↑ Demofoonte (Angelo Tarchi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  88. ↑ Demofoonte (Alessio Prati) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  89. ↑ Demofoonte (Luigi Gatti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  90. ↑ Demofoonte (Gaetano Pugnani) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  91. ↑ Démophon (Luigi Cherubini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  92. ↑ Demofoonte (Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  93. ↑ Démophon (Johann Christoph Vogel) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  94. ^ L'usurpatore innocente (Vincenzo Federici) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  95. ↑ Demofoonte (Marcos António Portugal) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 24, 2014.
  96. ↑ Dirce, or The Fatal Urn (Charles Edward Horn) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed October 24, 2014.
  97. ↑ Corrado Ambiveri: Operisti Minori: DELL'OTTOCENTO Italiano , Rome 1998, ISBN 88-7742-263-7 , p 142 ( online at Google Books).
  98. ↑ Demofonte at Theater an der Wien , accessed on September 24, 2016.
  99. ↑ Clothes make the man - review of the performance of the Jommelli opera at the Salzburg Whitsun Festival 2009 in Online Musik Magazin , accessed on October 29, 2014.
  100. ^ Joseph Schuster: Demofoonte - La Ciaccona, Ludger Remy. CD information from Allmusic , accessed February 1, 2015.