Joseph Schuster (composer)

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Joseph Schuster

Joseph Schuster (born August 11, 1748 in Dresden ; † July 24, 1812 there ) was a German classical composer .

Life

Joseph Schuster (Jun.) Received his first musical training from his father of the same name ( Joseph Schuster Sen. ), who worked as bassist at the court of the Elector in Dresden, and Johann Georg Schürer . Thanks to a scholarship from the Elector of Saxony , he was able to study counterpoint in Italy from 1765 to 1768 . In 1772 he became a church composer at the Dresden court. From now on, his tasks there were composition and performance of church music and the direction of opera performances.

1774–77 / 1778–81 he made further trips to Italy. His main task during these trips was to obtain sheet music and hire new singers for Dresden. But Schuster's operatic triumphs in Naples and Venice, for example in January 1776 “Cantata a tre voci” in honor of the birthday of King Ferdinand IV in Naples, exceeded this actual main task. In the same year the Opera seria Demofoonte was premiered in Forlì . In the following years he was able to consolidate his position with operatic successes in Naples and Venice and also became famous as a composer in Germany. In 1787 Joseph Schuster was appointed court conductor. Most of his works can be assigned to the opera buffa , but he also composed church works, orchestral music and chamber music .

The string quartets in the appendix to the Köchel index (No. 210 ff), which for a long time were regarded as Mozart works (“Milanese Quartets”, 1772/73), were written by Schuster . Schuster had composed these works around 1780, which were considered copies of Mozart originals. The musicologist Ludwig Finscher was able to uncover the true origin (in Die Musikforschung , 1966). WA Mozart comments on the quality of Schuster's compositions in a letter to his father dated October 6, 1777: “I'm sending my sister 6 Duettos à Clavicembalo e Violino by Schuster. I've played it here many times. You are not bad. If I stay here, I will also do 6 on this gusto, because you like them very much here ”(Mozart, Briefe II, 41).

He also took an active part in the urban musical life of Dresden. Schuster established himself in Dresden primarily through the composition of Drammi giocisi. But also through singing games, e.g. B. "The Alchemmyst" or The Devil of Love (1778), he stepped forward. Around 1790 he directed chamber music and concerts. As part of his function as a “church composer” he created a large number of works that were primarily intended for the repertoire of the court church.

Schuster also devoted himself to instrumental music. After the Seven Years' War, their function was in the private court context. Joseph Schuster composed many smaller piano pieces for the lessons of the electoral family, which he led from 1788. The majority of these pieces were intended for the lessons of Princess Maria Augusta. He taught her in the 1790s.

After around 1800 Joseph Schuster increasingly withdrew from the life of a composer.

The compositional legacy of Joseph Schuster (volume: approx. 280 catalog numbers) is kept in the music department of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library (call number: Mus.3549-…).

family

In 1784 he married Maria Teresia Ignatia Acier (1768–1830), daughter of the Meissen porcelain modeler Michael Victor Acier (1736–1799), who in turn is the great-grandfather of the composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky .

Compositions (selection)

Measure and measurement kits

  • Mass in D minor (1768), DB
  • Mass in G minor (1772), DB
  • Mass in F major (1777/1797)
  • Mass in E flat major (1785?)
  • Mass in A major (1793?), DB
  • Mass in B flat major, DB
  • Mass in D minor (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo only), DB
  • Mass in D minor, DB
  • D major, DB
  • Mass in B flat major (Credo missing)

Offertories, Vespers and Marian antiphons

  • Huc pastores in G major (1771)
  • Intonuit in D major (1778)
  • Confitebuntur coeli in A major (1788)
  • Diffusa est gratia in F major (1797), CZ-Pnm, Cz-BRe
  • 2 Angelus Domini C, B
  • Ave Maria in F major
  • Confirma hoc Deus
  • Exultabant in D major
  • 2 Laetamini in Domino C, D
  • Mirabilis Deus in C major, DB (autograph), CZ-Pnm

Other liturgical forms

  • 2 Miserere , c (1777), d (1787), DB
  • Stabat mater in C minor (1782), DB, D-SWl
  • Te Deum in D major (1800), D-SWl, Cz-Pnm, Cz-Pu
  • Hymn in festo Corporis Christi Es (1802)
  • Completorium in F major
  • Deposuit potentes D minor, DB
  • Haec dies in C major
  • Litaniae lauretanae in B flat major
  • Litaniae de venerabili altaris sacramento in E flat major
  • 4 Magnificat , DB

Oratorios and secular cantatas:

  • Cantata a tre voci. Per festeggiare nel Real Teatrol di San Carol il felicissimo giorno natalizio di sua maestà (January 12, 1776 Naples), text books: I-Nc, I-Vgc, IR (1778 Dresden), also A-Wgm, DB, D-Rp
  • La passione di Gesù Cristo (Pietro Metastasio)
  • Ester (1781 Venice, Ospedaletto), I-Mc
  • Praise of Music (August Gottlob Meissner) (1784 Leipzig), also DB, DSWl, D-OHL and others
  • Il genio dell'Adria (1785 Venice), text books: I-Vcg
  • Mosè riconosciuto (Giovanni Ambrogio Migliavacca) (1786 Dresden)
  • La Betulia liberata (Metastasio) (1796 Dresden), also DB
  • L'amor prigioniero (Metastasio) (1801 Dresden, Small Court Theater )
  • Gioas re di Giuda (Metastasio) (1803)
  • Il ritorno del sole sull'orizonte (1808), also D-LEm
  • Numerous occasional cantatas, arias and songs in A-Wgm, B-Br, D-Dl, D-Ds, D-LÜh, DW, I-Bc, I-MC, NL-Avnm, RUS-KAu, as well as in printed sgln . by Joh. A. Hiller, Joh. Fr. Reichardt, CFW Kiegel, R. Becker

Stage works (selection)

  • La fedeltà in amore , azione comica per musica 2 acts (Carnival 1773 Dresden, Kurfürstl. Theater), D-Dl
  • Didone abbandonata (Metastasio), dpm 3 acts (1776 Naples). D-Dl, I-Nc
  • L'amore artigiano (Carlo Goldoni) that. 3 acts (1776 Venice, Teatro San Moisè ), B-Bc
  • Demofoonte (Metastasio), dpm 3 acts (1776 Forlì). D-Dl, F-Pc
  • The Alchymist or Der Liebesteufel (Meissner, after MA Le Grands L'Amour diable ), comic opera 1 act (March 1778 Dresden, Kurfürstliches Theater), DB, D-Dl, D-DS, D-Rp, D-Hs
  • Bradamante (Mazzolà), dpm 3 acts (1779 Padua)
  • The desert island ( August Gottlieb Meißner after Metastasios L'isola disabitata ), Singspiel (1779 Leipzig, Ranstädter Tor)
  • Amor e Psyche (M. Coltellini), dpm 2 acts (1780 Naples, Teatro S. Carlo), D-Dl
  • Il marito indolente (Mazzolà), dramma giocoso 2 acts (1782 Dresden, Kurfürstliches Theater), D-Dl, D-Th, D-Hs; as The Indifferent Husband , DB
  • Lo spirito di contradizione (Mazzolà) that. 2 acts (April 1785 ibid.), D-Dl; as Dr. Murner, D-DS
  • Gli avari in trappola (Mazzolà) that. 2 acts, (1787 ibid.), D-Dl
  • Number of beets ossia il vero amore (Mazzolà) that. 2 acts (1789 ibid.), D-Dl
  • L'ape musicale ossia il Poeta impresario pasticcio (Carnival 1792 Trieste), text books: I-TScom, I-Vgc
  • Osmano dey D'Algeri (G. Cinti), dramma giocoso 2 acts, (1800 Dresden, Kurfürstliches Theater), D-Dl
  • Il giorno natalizio (Cinti), pasticcio 2 acts (1802 Dresden, Kurfürstliches Theater), D-Dl

Instrumental music (selection)

  • 3 symphonies (1765, 1776), D-Dl
  • Concert for 2 harpsichords and orchestra (1773), DB, D-Dl, D-SWl
  • 6 Divertimenti da Camera for harpsichord and violin (1777), DB, D-Dl, D-LEm
  • 4 string quartets (1780), (previously attributed to WA Mozart, KV, Anh. 210-213 / C20.01-04), DB
  • VI pièces á 2 clavecins (1790/91), D-Dl

Discography

  • Joseph Schuster: Demofoonte (recording: May 29th - June 3rd 2001) deutsche harmonia mundi 2003
  • Joseph Schuster: String Quartets No. 1-6 "Quartetti Padovani" , Symphonia, DDD, 2001

literature

  • Robert Eitner :  Schuster, Joseph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 33, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, p. 103 f.
  • Ines Burde:  Schuster, Joseph. In: MGG Online (subscription required).
  • Hans Schnoor: Dresden - Four Hundred Years of German Music Culture: For the anniversary of the Staatskapelle and the history of the Dresden Opera . Dresden 1948.
  • Laurie Ongley: Liturgical Music in late eighteenth-century Dresden: Johann Gottlieb Naumann, Joseph Schuster, and Franz Seydelmann . New Heaven 1992. (PhD at Yale University )
  • Moritz Fürstenau: Contributions to the history of the Royal Saxon musical band . Dresden 1849.
  • Horst Seeger and Mathias Rank (eds.): Opera in Dresden. Festschrift for the reopening of the Semperoper . Henschelverlag, Berlin 1985.
  • Richard Engländer: Johann Gottlieb Naumann as an opera composer. With new contributions to the musical history of Dresden and Stockholm . Leipzig 1922.
  • Gerhard, Poppe & Steffen Voss (eds.): Joseph Schuster in the music of the late 18th century. Ortus Musikverlag, Beeskow 2015. ISBN 978-3-937788-39-5

Web links

Commons : Joseph Schuster  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Burde, Ines: Schuster, Joseph. - In: The Music in Past and Present 2006. - Vol. 15, Sp. 353–355
  2. ↑ Calliope | Union catalog for archival and archive-like stocks and national documentation instrument for personal papers and autographs. Retrieved May 13, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Schuster, Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German classical composer
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1748
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1812
Place of death Dresden