Okhotsk

This article covers the Russian settlement of Okhotsk. For the raion of the same name, see Rajon Okhotsk , for the Japanese sub-prefecture see sub-prefecture Okhotsk and for the main belt asteroid see (4042) Okhotsk .

Urban-type settlement Okhotsk Okhotsk coat of arms Federal district far East region Khabarovsk Rajon Okhotsk head Vitali Massalitin Founded 1647 Urban-type settlement since 1949 population 4215 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Height of the center 10  m Time zone UTC + 10 Telephone code (+7) 42141 Post Code 682480 License Plate 27 OKATO 08 234 551 Geographical location Coordinates 59 ° 22 '  N , 143 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 59 ° 22 '0 "  N , 143 ° 14' 0"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Khabarovsk region

Okhotsk ( Russian Охо́тск ) is an urban-type settlement with a seaport in the Khabarovsk region ( Russia ) with 4215 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The settlement is located at the mouth of the Ochota and Kuchtui rivers in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk , a good 1,600 kilometers north of the regional capital, Khabarovsk .

Okhotsk is the administrative center of the same name Rajons Okhotsk , the northernmost region of Khabarovsk.

history

Historical town view from 1737

The place was founded in 1647 as a Cossack winter camp , making it the first Russian settlement on the Pacific coast . In 1649 an ostrog was built.

In 1731, under the leadership of António Manuel de Vieira (Russian Anton Manuilowitsch Dewijer, also Devier), a Portuguese in temporarily high- ranking Russian state and military services, a port was built and the construction of the actual city began, which, like the sea, follows the river Ochota was named. For a good 100 years, Okhotsk became the most important and initially only Russian Pacific port and main base of the Russian-American company for fishing and fur trade . Among other things, it was the starting point for two expeditions by Vitus Bering to the Bering Strait and Alaska .

In 1783 the city became the administrative center for the whole of what was then Far East Russia as part of the Irkutsk governorship . In 1812 the city was moved to the opposite side of the Kuchtui, in 1849 to the administrative center of an okrug of the then Yakut Oblast and from 1858 finally an okrug of the Primorye Oblast .

In 1850 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was declared the main Russian Pacific port; In 1858 the Amur and Ussuri regions were annexed to the Russian Empire; the port cities of Nikolayevsk and especially Vladivostok, which are also climatically more favorable, arose there a little later . As a result of these events, Okhotsk lost its former importance in the middle of the 19th century and, as a result, also lost its town charter.

In the Russian Civil War Okhotsk was occupied by " white " or Japanese troops until June 1923 .

During the Soviet era , the importance and number of inhabitants grew again through the development of the fishing industry, so that in 1949 the status of an urban-type settlement was given. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent economic crisis in the 1990s, however, over half of the residents have left the place.

Population development

year	Residents
1897	304
1939	1566
1959	8486
1970	9306
1979	9193
1989	9298
2002	5738
2010	4215
2018	3378

Note: census data

Economy and Infrastructure

Despite the decline in the 1990s, the main industries are (now seasonal) fishing and port industries; gold and silver mining is practiced in the Rajon , for which Okhotsk is the logistical base.

Okhotsk is not accessible by land, with the exception of difficult-to-drive unpaved roads. In addition to the port, the settlement has a regional airport ( ICAO code UHOO ) 12 km away , which Dalavia served from Khabarovsk until 2008 . Khabarovsk Airlines currently offers five to six weekly flights from Khabarovsk (as of January 2019).

Climate table

Okhotsk
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     16   -13 -19     12   -12 -19     13   -4 -11     22nd   6th -2     34   15th 5     60   22nd 12     74   24 15th     60   21st 11     45   15th 6th     35   5 -1     30th   -5 -11     24   -11 -17 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Okhotsk Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −12.9 −11.9 −3.7 5.9 15.3 21.6 23.7 20.6 14.7 4.9 −4.8 −10.5 O 5.3 Min. Temperature (° C) −19.3 −19.3 −11.4 −2.3 5.3 12.0 14.5 11.4 6.1 −1.2 −10.7 −16.7 O −2.6 Precipitation ( mm ) 16 12 13 22nd 34 60 74 60 45 35 30th 24 Σ 425 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.2 3.8 5.4 7.1 8.5 10.1 9.8 7.9 5.7 3.2 1.9 1.5 O 5.6 Rainy days ( d ) 8th 6th 6th 7th 9 9 10 10 8th 11 11 9 Σ 104 Humidity ( % ) 81 79 78 67 59 64 71 74 73 78 82 82 O 74 Source: wetterkontor.de

Web links

Commons : Okhotsk  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Rajon and Okhotsk city on the regional administration website (in Russian)
• Okhotsk Raion Administration on the Regional Administration website (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Khabarovsk Airlines. Retrieved January 9, 2019 (Russian).