Nikolayevsk on the Amur

city Nikolayevsk on the Amur Николаевск-на-Амуре flag coat of arms Federal district far East region Khabarovsk Rajon Nikolayevsk on the Amur head Pyotr Volynsky Founded 1850 Earlier names Nikolayevsk (until 1926) City since 1856 surface 17  km² population 22,752 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1338 inhabitants / km² medium height 30  m Time zone UTC + 10 Telephone code (+7) 42135 Post Code 682460 License Plate 27 OKATO 08 414 Website www.nikoladm.ru Geographical location Coordinates 53 ° 9 '  N , 140 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 9 '0 "  N , 140 ° 44' 0"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Khabarovsk region

List of cities in Russia

Nikolajewsk am Amur ( Russian: Никола́евск-на-Аму́ре / Nikolajewsk-na-Amure) is a city in the Khabarovsk region ( Russia ) with 22,752 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The city is located in the lower Amur lowlands, almost 1000 km north of the regional capital, Khabarovsk, on the left bank of the Amur, which is over two kilometers wide, near its mouth.

The city of Nikolayevsk on the Amur is administratively directly subordinate to the republic and at the same time the administrative center of the raion of the same name .

history

On August 1, 1850, at the instigation of later Admiral Gennady Nevelskoi, a military post named Nikolayevsky post was set up on the site of today's Nikolayevsk , named after the then Russian Tsar Nikolai I. Within a short time, the settlement became one of the most important economic centers on the Pacific coast Of Russia. In 1853 it was renamed Nikolayevsk , and in 1855 the main port of Russia on the Pacific was relocated from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky . In 1856 the place received city rights. With the foundation of the Primorye Oblast (1858) the city became its administrative center.

As a result, however, it turned out that both the sandbanks in the Amur estuary and the five-month ice flow hindered shipping to such an extent that the main Pacific port was relocated to the more favorably located Vladivostok in the early 1870s . In 1880 Nikolayevsk also lost its function as an oblast center to the more central and climatically more favorable Khabarovsk. The decline of the city was slowed down by gold discoveries in the hinterland, but the traveling writer Anton Chekhov describes the city in his travel book The Island of Sakhalin in 1890 as gloomy and shabby.

From the end of the 19th century, the development of the fishing industry and shipyards brought about a modest upswing. During the Russian Civil War , however, the city was captured by Japanese troops and in the course of the ensuing fighting in 1920, in the so-called Nikolayevsk incident , practically completely burned down by Russian partisans.

After belonging to the Far Eastern Republic in the meantime , it was renamed Nikolajewsk am Amur in 1926 , with confirmation of the town charter.

Population development

Nikolaevsk around 1900

year	Residents
1858	1,757
1897	5,684
1913	14,400
1926	7,356
1939	17,314
1959	30,923
1970	30,082
1979	33,529
1989	36,296
2002	28,492
2010	22,752

Note: 1897, from 1926 census data

Culture and sights

The municipal museum of local history houses ethnographic and archaeological collections that are among the most interesting in the Russian Far East. Originally founded in 1858, it burned down in 1871 and reopened in 1946 with a new collection.

There are several monuments in the city, such as those for the city's founder, Nevelskoi (1915). 17 kilometers from the city are the remains of the Nikolayevsk fortress, which was blown up by the partisans in 1920.

Around 1940 there was a camp in the city under the Gulag system .

Economy and Infrastructure

The main economic sectors are fishing and processing as well as ship repair, the food industry and, in the surrounding area, agriculture (vegetables, forage crops, livestock farming).

Nikolayevsk cannot be reached by land. The city has a sea and river port on the Amur and an airport.

sons and daughters of the town

• Yuri Chaika (* 1951), Prosecutor General of Russia
• Vladimir Ustinov (* 1953), politician and former Minister of Justice of Russia

Climate table

Nikolayevsk on the Amur
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     15th   -22 -29     13   -17 -27     18th   -8th -19     28   1 -8th     33   7th -1     38   14th 7th     51   19th 12     79   19th 12     69   15th 6th     51   5 -2     33   -7 -14     20th   -17 -24 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Nikolaevsk-on-Amur Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) -21.7 -16.7 -8.3 1.1 6.7 13.9 18.9 18.9 15.0 5.0 -7.2 -17.2 O 0.8 Min. Temperature (° C) -28.9 -26.7 -18.9 -8.3 -0.6 6.7 11.7 11.7 6.1 -2.2 -13.9 -23.9 O −7.2 Precipitation ( mm ) 15th 13 18th 28 33 38 51 79 69 51 33 20th Σ 448 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 4.2 5.7 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.8 7.7 6.6 6.1 4.6 4.4 3.0 O 6th Rainy days ( d ) 6th 6th 6th 7th 8th 6th 8th 10 11 10 8th 8th Σ 94 Humidity ( % ) 77 77 74 75 78 78 80 82 82 76 76 79 O 77.8 Source: wetterkontor.de

Web links

Commons : Nikolayevsk-on-Amur  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Nikolayevsk Raion Administration website (Russian)
• Nikolayevsk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Nikolajewski-ITL in the GULAG Internet portal of Memorial Deutschland e. V.