Vanino

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Wanino (disambiguation) .

Vanino is a redirect to this article. For the German chemist, see Ludwig Vanino .

Urban-type settlement Wanino Ванино coat of arms Federal district far East region Khabarovsk Rajon Vanino head Mansur Gubaidulin Founded 1943 Urban-type settlement since 1958 population 17,001 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Height of the center 20  m Time zone UTC + 10 Telephone code (+7) 42137 Post Code 682860-682861 License Plate 27 OKATO 08 212 551 Website www.vanino.org Geographical location Coordinates 49 ° 5 ′  N , 140 ° 16 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 5 ′ 0 ″  N , 140 ° 16 ′ 0 ″  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Khabarovsk region

List of large settlements in Russia

Wanino ( Russian Ванино ) is an urban-type settlement in Khabarovsk ( Russia ) with 17,001 inhabitants (14 October 2010).

geography

The urban-type settlement is located about 630 km east of the regional capital, Khabarovsk, on the Vanin Bay of the Tatar Sound , the strait between the Sea of ​​Japan and Sea of ​​Okhotsk .

The urban-type Wanino settlement is directly subordinate to the region and has been the administrative center of the Rajon of the same name since 1973 .

history

On May 23, 1853, as part of the expedition led by the later Admiral Gennady Nevelskoi , Lieutenant Nikolai Boschnjak discovered the natural harbor on the coast of the Tatar Sound, consisting of several bays , on the west bank of which the urban-type Wanino is now located. While a military post was built on the south side of the natural harbor, which later became the settlement of Imperatorskaya Gawan and today's city of Sovetskaya Gawan , the west coast was inhabited by only a few native inhabitants of the area, Orotschen and Udehe , for almost another century .

In 1874 the area was surveyed during an expedition by the topographer Logwin Bolshev, who named one of the bays of the natural harbor after the expedition member and topographer Iakim Wanin. The current place name was derived from the name of the bay.

During the Second World War , the construction of a railway line from the right bank of the Amur opposite Komsomolsk on the Amur to the Pacific coast at Sovetskaya Gawan began in 1943 . About 30 kilometers before the end point, the construction of a seaport and an associated settlement began at Wanin Bay. October 18, 1943 is the founding day of the port and town. In 1944 the port began operations, in 1945 the railway line. The importance of the port increased considerably after the explosion of the steamship Dalstroi with 7000 tons of ammonal and 400 tons of trinitrotoluene in the port of Nakhodka on June 24, 1946, which largely destroyed the port facilities there and the flow of goods had to be diverted to Wanino.

During the construction of the railway line and port, as well as in the period that followed, there were several prison camps in the Gulag system in Wanino : the WaninLag ( Waninski ITL ) and the Wanino transit camp . The latter served as an interim storage facility when transporting prisoners to Magadan and the Kolyma area. It is estimated that up to two million prisoners switched between trains and ships here. The Vanino camps were mentioned by Alexander Solzhenitsyn in the Gulag archipelago and Varlam Shalamov in the stories from Kolyma . Wanino also became known through the song Waninski port (The port of Wanino) , the unofficial " anthem " of the Kolyma prisoners from the 1940s :

“ Yes pomnju tot Waniniski port
I wid parochoda ugrjumy
Kak schli my po trapu na bort
V holodnye mratschnyje trjumy. 〈…〉 "

- Text probably by Konstantin Sarachanow

“I remember that port of Vanino
and the dark look of the steamer.
How we boarded the gangway
into the cold, gloomy holds. 〈…〉 "

- (literal translation)

Vanino was initially a district of Sovetskaya Gawan, but became independent on June 5, 1958 as an urban-type settlement. The town's twin town is Ishikari on the west coast of the Japanese island of Hokkaidō .

As of July 2007, Vanino was shortlisted for Russia's future rocket launch site to replace the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . The head of the Roscosmos space agency , Anatoly Perminov , and a delegation first visited Svobodny , then Vanino on the Pacific coast. In November 2007, the choice finally fell on a new building, which has since been erected near Swobodny under the name of Kosmodrom Wostotschny .

Population development

year	Residents
1959	11,957
1970	15,401
1979	19,178
1989	21,510
2002	19,180
2010	17.001

Note: census data

Economy and Infrastructure

The main economic factor is the deep-water port, which can accommodate ships up to 45,000  dwt . In 2007 almost 6.5 million tons of goods were handled. Its handling capacity will be expanded by 45 million tons by 2024. The main goods are wood, ores and scrap, coal and containers.

Since 1973 there has been a rail ferry connection to Cholmsk on the Sakhalin Island , via which the Sakhalin Railway is connected to the all-Russian route network. There is also a car and passenger ferry connection via Kholmsk to Otaru, Japan . Regular shipping routes lead to Korsakow on Sakhalin, Magadan and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky as well as to Busan in South Korea . In winter the port is kept ice- free with icebreakers , usually between January and March.

Vanino is located on the railway line from Komsomolsk-on-Amur to Sovetskaya Gawan, which is now the eastern extension of the Baikal-Amur mainline.

In addition, the timber industry in the Rajon plays a certain role.

Personalities

• Gennadi Zygankow (1947-2006), ice hockey player and coach, Olympic champion in 1972 and 1976; born in Wanino

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ WaninLag on the GULAG website of Memorial Deutschland e. V.
3. ↑ Wanino transit camp in the GULAG website of Memorial Deutschland e. V.
4. ^ Alain Chabot and Anatoly Zak: Centers: Svobodny. In: russianspaceweb.com. January 26, 2014, accessed April 4, 2014 . 
5. ↑ Message ( memento of May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the port of Vanino (Russian)
6. ↑ Capacity of Russia's seaports to grow by over 300 mln tons by 2024. In: Interfax. August 6, 2020, accessed on August 7, 2020 . 

Web links

Commons : Wanino  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Vanino Raion and Settlement Administration website (Russian)