Philipp Carteret
Philipp Carteret , also Philip Carteret ; actually Philip de Carteret, Seigneur of Trinity (born January 22, 1733 in Trinity Manor , Jersey Island , † July 21, 1796 in Southampton ) was a British navigator and explorer . He came from a noble family on the island of Jersey.
Life
Philipp Carteret traveled around the world for the first time between 1764 and 1766 under John Byron and circled the world a second time under Samuel Wallis between 1766 and 1769.
Wallis began his voyage on the ship Dolphin , which was accompanied by the sloop or brig HMS Swallow , which was commanded by Carteret. The voyage began on August 22, 1766. On December 17, the ships reached the Strait of Magellan at the southern tip of South America , where they were held until April 11, 1767. Upon leaving the road, the ships were forever separated. The Dolphin headed northwest, the Swallow sailed to Pitcairn Island , which Carteret discovered for Europe and named after a Swallow sea cadet . On the following days, three more previously unknown islands in the Tuamotu Archipelago were sighted : Nukutepipi , Anuanuraro and Anuanurunga .
After a long journey with numerous hardships, one came to the Santa Cruz Islands , which Carteret called "Queen Charlotte Islands". From here he steered further to the northwest and discovered on August 29, 1767 the St. George's Canal in what is now the Bismarck Archipelago , which separates New Britain and New Ireland . Carteret recognized the land masses for the first time as two independent islands and gave New Ireland the name "Nova Hibernia" (after William Dampier had given the western country the name "Nova Britannia" in 1700). The Swallow anchored in a bay at the southern tip of New Ireland and Carteret took possession of the land here in the name of the King of England, in what was later to be recorded as " Carteret's Harbor " . On his further journey he discovered the island of Neuhannover and the Admiralty Islands .
Now he steered through the Moluccas , mapped the entire west coast of Celebes (Sulawesi) and came to Mangkassar (today Makassar ) on December 15, 1767 . On June 3, 1768 he drove on to Batavia and finally reached Spithead in England on March 20, 1769 .
The journey with the Swallow had been arduous. The Admiralty had sent Carteret on a ship that was only partially seaworthy. The Swallow was leaking and the necessary repair equipment was not on board. Carteret bringing his ship home was a masterpiece of seamanship. On February 20, 1769, on the way home, there was an unusual encounter in the Atlantic. The French frigate La Boudeuse came alongside and sent an officer who seemed to have precise knowledge of the Swallow's voyage . Carteret later learned that the Boudeuse had followed almost the same route under Captain Louis Antoine de Bougainville . The Boudeuse was a fast ship and finally caught up with Swallow, which had started months earlier, in the Atlantic.
Carteret's services did not get the recognition it deserved from the Admiralty. Although he was promoted to captain, he had to wait years for a new command. Not much is known of command of other ships. In 1779 he transferred the HMS Endymion to the West Indies after a number of difficulties. His report is in Hawkesworth's book: "An Account of the Voyages undertaken by Order of His Present Majesty ..." from 1773 published. A year later a German translation was published.
Philipp Carteret retired from active service in 1794 with the rank of rear admiral . He died on July 21, 1796 in Southampton at the age of 63 and was buried there in All Saints' Church.
literature
- Philip Carteret, Helen Wallis (eds.): Carteret's voyage round the world, 1766-1769. (= Hakluyt Society Series 2, 124-125). 2 volumes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1965. (Bibliography: pp. 528-548).
- P. Werner Lange: South Sea Horizons. A Maritime Discovery Story of Oceania. 3. Edition. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00365-8 .
- John Hawkesworth: An Account of the Voyages undertaken by the Order of His Present Majesty for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere, and successively performed by Commodore Byron, Captain Carteret, Captain Wallis, and Captain Cook. Vol. I. The Carteret, Byron, Carteret and Wallis Voyages. London 1773. ( Online edition of the National Library of Australia ).
- John Hawkesworth: History of sea voyages and discoveries in the South Sea which were undertaken on the orders of the Sr. Great Britain Majesty: and were carried out in succession by Commodore Byron, Capitain Wallis, Capitain Carteret and Capitain Cook in Dolphin, the Swallow, and the Endeavor / from the diaries of the various commanders and the manuscripts of Joseph Banks in three volumes, Dr. Johann Hawkesworth; With the author's approval, translated from English by Johann Friedrich Schiller. Haude & Spener, Berlin 1774. ( Digitized in the German Digital Library )
- Collections of the best travelogues : 6th vol. Reise um die Welt by Philipp Carteret, Esq., Commander of the English sloop “Swallow” in the years 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, the company, Opava 1785, digitized .
- Te Rangi Hiroa : An introduction to Polynesian Anthropology. (= Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin. 187). The Museum, Honolulu 1945, p. 23, section: Carteret . ( Online text from the New Zealand Electronic Text Collection (NZETC)).
- Te Rangi Hiroa: Explorers of the Pacific. European and American discoveries in Polynesia. (= Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication. 43). The Museum, Honolulu 1953, p. 24, chapter: Wallis and Carteret . ( Online text from NZETC, New Zealand Electronic Text Collection).
Web links
- Personal data on the Le Cercle De Carteret website , with family tree (accessed November 30, 2012)
- Samuel Wallis, 1728–1795 / Philip Carteret, d. 1796 , from Princeton University Library Strait Through: Magellan to Cook & the Pacific website(accessed November 30, 2012)
Individual evidence
- ^ Andrew Sharp: The Discovery of the Pacific Islands. Oxford University Press, 1960, p. 110
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Carteret, Philip |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Carteret, Philip |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English navigator and explorer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 22, 1733 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Trinity Manor, Jersey Island |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 21, 1796 |
| Place of death | Southampton |