Johann Martin Chladni

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Johann Martin Chladni

Johann Martin Chladni, also: Johann Martin Chladenius (born April 17, 1710 in Wittenberg , † September 10, 1759 in Erlangen ) was a German Protestant theologian and historian .

Life

Born as the son of Martin Chladni , he attended the Casimirianum high school in Coburg , enrolled at the University of Wittenberg on October 17, 1731 , where, following his studies, he also taught on October 17, 1731, when he received his master's degree in philosophy. He went to the University of Leipzig , where he became an associate professor for church antiquities in 1742.

In 1743 he took over the management of the Casimirianum in Coburg and in 1747 was appointed full professor of theology, rhetoric and poetry at the University of Erlangen , where he received his doctorate in theology in the same year . Although he was not originally trained as a historian, he nevertheless made a name for himself through his philosophically founded and pragmatically instructive theory of history.

As a theologian, he oriented himself towards Lutheran orthodoxy , which he sought to combine with Christian Wolff's rationalism and empiricism . He was far ahead of his time in writing history and was the first to interpret historical sources using a hermeneutic method . He came out against the representatives of historical Pyrrhonism , introduced the concept of the "point of view" from which one could view historical reality from multiple perspectives.

With his interpretation, Chladni is considered to be one of the first methodologists of modern history .

Works

  • De sententiis et libris sententiosis , Leipzig 1741 ( digitized in the digital library Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
  • Introduction to the correct interpretation of sensible speeches and writings , Leipzig 1742
  • Logica practica , 1742
  • Logica sacra , 1745
  • Reasonable Thoughts of the Likely and the Same Dangerous Abuse, 1748 [ND: Waltrop 1989]
  • Small collection of reflections , Erlangen 1749
  • Opuscula academica varii generis , Leipzig 1750
  • Nova philosophia definitiva , Leipzig 1750
  • General history, which lays the groundwork for a new insight into all kinds of learning , Leipzig 1752. ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • Weekly Biblical Investigations ... , Erlangen 1754
  • Theological investigators ... , Erlangen 1757
  • From the interpretation of historical news and books. In: Hans-Georg Gadamer , Gottfried Boehm (Ed.): Seminar: Philosophical Hermeneutics. Frankfurt / M. 1976, p. 69 ff.
see also: Johann Georg Meusel : Lexicon of the German writers who died between 1750 and 1800. Leipzig, 1803, vol. 2, p. 80

literature

  • Anna Coreth:  Chladni, Johann Martin. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 206 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Dirk Fleischer: Between tradition and progress. The structural change of Protestant church historiography in the German-speaking discourse of the Enlightenment. Spenner, Waltrop 2006, Vol. 1, pp. 139-355
  • Christoph Friederich: Johann Martin Chladenius: The general hermeneutics and the problem of history. In: Ulrich Nassen (Ed.): Classics of Hermeneutics. Schöningh, Paderborn 1982, ISBN 3-506-99358-5 , pp. 43-75.
  • Friedrich Gaede: Chladenius and the consequences. Objections to the hermeneutic discussion. In: Gotthardt Frühsorge et al. (Ed.): Digressionen: ways to enlightenment. Festival ceremony for Peter Michelsen. Winter, Heidelberg 1984, ISBN 3-533-03456-9 , pp. 71-78.
  • Hans Proesler: Chladenius as a pioneer of the sociology of knowledge. In: Cologne journal for sociology and social psychology . Vol. 6 (1954), pp. 617-622.
  • Claudia Schmölders : “Meaningful Thoughts”. On the hermeneutics of Chladenius. In: Archives for the History of Philosophy. 58: 240-264 (1976).
  • Thomas Sturm: Johann Martin Chladenius. In: Manfred Kuehn, Heiner F. Klemme (Hrsg.): The dictionary of eighteenth-century German philosophers. Thoemmes, Bristol 2004, ISBN 1-85506-891-5 , Vol. 1, pp. 197-201.
  • Peter Szondi : Introduction to literary hermeneutics. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt a. M. 1975, ISBN 3-518-07724-4 , pp. 27-97.
  • Klaus-Gunther Wesseling:  CHLADENIUS (Chladen, Chladny), Johann Martin. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 20, Bautz, Nordhausen 2002, ISBN 3-88309-091-3 , Sp. 296-303.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

Wikisource: Johann Martin Chladni  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Johann Martin Chladni  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Chladni, Johann Martin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Johann Martin Chladenius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian and historian
DATE OF BIRTH April 17, 1710
PLACE OF BIRTH Wittenberg ,
DATE OF DEATH September 10, 1759
Place of death gain